Monitoring environmental quality at the landscape scale

ver the past century, technological advances have greatly improved the standard of living in the United States. But these same advances have caused sweeping environmental changes, often unforeseen and potentially irreparable. Ethical stewardship of the environment requires that society monitor and assess environmental changes at the national scale with a view toward the conservation and wise management of our natural resources. Some of the most important environmental changes occur a t the spatial scale of landscapes. Obvious examples include clearcutting for lumber, urbanization, the loss of wetlands, and the conversion of forest and prairies into crop and grazing systems. Decisions about how to change land cover may be made by individual landowners, but their im-

[1]  G. Brown,et al.  Nutrient losses after clear‐cut logging and slash burning in the Oregon Coast Range , 1973 .

[2]  Prostitution In Nevada,et al.  ANNALS of the Association of American Geographers , 1974 .

[3]  J. Omernik.  Nonpoint source -- stream nutrient level relationships: a nationwide study , 1977 .

[4]  Simon A. Levin,et al.  Pattern Formation in Ecological Communities , 1978 .

[5]  G. Likens,et al.  Recovery of a deforested ecosystem. , 1978, Science.

[6]  W. H. Wischmeier,et al.  Predicting rainfall erosion losses : a guide to conservation planning , 1978 .

[7]  I. Schlosser,et al.  Water Resources and the Land-Water Interface , 1978, Science.

[8]  R. Paine,et al.  Intertidal Landscapes: Disturbance and the Dynamics of Pattern , 1981 .

[9]  J. Omernik,et al.  Stream nutrient levels and proximity of agricultural and forest land to streams: Some relationships , 1981 .

[10]  F. P. Kapinos,et al.  State hydrologic unit maps , 1984 .

[11]  L. E. Asmussen,et al.  Riparian Forests as Nutrient Filters in Agricultural Watersheds , 1984 .

[12]  D. Correll,et al.  Nutrient dynamics in an agricultural watershed: Observations on the role of a riparian forest , 1984 .

[13]  S. Redner,et al.  Introduction To Percolation Theory , 2018 .

[14]  I. Noble,et al.  Dispersal, Variability, and Transient Niches: Species Coexistence in a Uniformly Variable Environment , 1985, The American Naturalist.

[15]  John A. Wiens,et al.  Chapter 10 – Vertebrate Responses to Environmental Patchiness in Arid and Semiarid Ecosystems , 1985 .

[16]  Ralph A. Leonard,et al.  Managing riparian ecosystems to control nonpoint pollution , 1985 .

[17]  R. O'Neill.  A Hierarchical Concept of Ecosystems. , 1986 .

[18]  J. Omernik.  Ecoregions of the Conterminous United States , 1987 .

[19]  Monica G. Turner,et al.  Landscape Heterogeneity and Disturbance , 2011, Ecological Studies.

[20]  R. O'Neill,et al.  Landscape patterns in a disturbed environment , 1987 .

[21]  Stephen W. Pacala,et al.  Neighborhood models of plant population dynamics 3. Models with spatial heterogeneity in the physical environment , 1987 .

[22]  L. Swift,et al.  Forest Access Roads: Design, Maintenance, and Soil Loss , 1988 .

[23]  L. Harris.  Edge Effects and Conservation of Biotic Diversity , 1988 .

[24]  Wayne T. Swank,et al.  Stream Chemistry Responses to Disturbance , 1988 .

[25]  R. V. O'Neill,et al.  10. Perspectives in Hierarchy and Scale , 1989 .

[26]  R. O'Neill,et al.  Assessing ecological risk on a regional scale , 1990 .

[27]  D. A. Levine,et al.  Monitoring challenges and innovative ideas , 1990 .

[28]  J F Reynolds,et al.  Biological Feedbacks in Global Desertification , 1990, Science.

[29]  Herbert D. Grover,et al.  Shrubland encroachment in southern New Mexico, U.S.A.: An analysis of desertification processes in the American southwest , 1990 .

[30]  R. Naiman,et al.  The ecology and management of aquatic-terrestrial ecotones. , 1990 .

[31]  Lee H. MacDonald,et al.  Monitoring Guidelines to Evaluate Effects of Forestry Activities on Streams in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska , 1991 .

[32]  Robert V. O'Neill,et al.  Patternandscale: statistics for landscape ecology , 1991 .

[33]  Raphael B. B. Mwalyosi,et al.  Ecological evaluation for wildlife corridors and buffer zones for Lake Manyara National Park, Tanzania, and its immediate environment , 1991 .

[34]  R. Hobbs,et al.  Biological Consequences of Ecosystem Fragmentation: A Review , 1991 .

[35]  Robert V. O'Neill,et al.  Heterogeneity and spatial hierarchies , 1991 .

[36]  Jesslyn F. Brown,et al.  Development of a land-cover characteristics database for the conterminous U.S. , 1991 .

[37]  Monica G. Turner,et al.  Simulation of the Scale-Dependent Effects of Landscape Boundaries on Species Persistence and Dispersal , 1991 .

[38]  Jerry F. Franklin,et al.  Scientific Basis for New Perspectives in Forests and Streams , 1992 .

[39]  C. S. Holling.  Cross-Scale Morphology, Geometry, and Dynamics of Ecosystems , 1992 .

[40]  J. Terborgh.  Why American Songbirds are Vanishing , 1992 .

[41]  A. D. Armand,et al.  Landscape boundaries: consequences for biotic diversity and ecological flows. , 1992 .

[42]  Monica G. Turner,et al.  A percolation model of ecological flows , 1992 .

[43]  Bruce T. Milne,et al.  Spatial Aggregation and Neutral Models in Fractal Landscapes , 1992, The American Naturalist.

[44]  J. Beauchamp,et al.  A Geographic Information System approach to modeling nutrient and sediment transport , 1993 .

[45]  Arthur S. Lieberman,et al.  Landscape Ecology , 1994, Springer New York.

[46]  Carolyn T. Hunsaker,et al.  Hierarchical Approaches to the Study of Water Quality in RiversSpatial scale and terrestrial processes are important in developing models to translate research results to management practices , 1995 .

[47]  Håvard Tveite,et al.  Accuracy Assessments of Geographical Line Data Sets, the Case of the Digital Chart of the World , 1999 .