Underdetermined DOA estimation of quasi-stationary signals via Khatri-Rao structure for uniform circular array

Underdetermined direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for quasi-stationary signals impinging on a uniform circular array (UCA) with M sensors is addressed in this paper. We apply the Khatri-Rao (KR) approach to the UCA and obtain a new signal model which is capable of providing O ( M 2 ) sensors. Meanwhile, the virtual steering matrix can be decomposed into a product of characteristic matrix depending on the array structure and a Vandermonde matrix bearing the DOA information. The exact number of virtual sensors that the KR-UCA model is able to provide is studied as well. Simulation results are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. HighlightsAn underdetermined DOA estimation scheme for UCA is proposed.The equivalent steering matrix has the Vandermonde structure for DOA estimation.The degrees of freedom (DOF) resulting from the virtual array are analyzed.

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