Congestive heart failure complicating non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: incidence, predictors, and clinical outcomes 1

There are limited data regarding the incidence and clinical significance of congestive heart failure (CHF) in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The objectives of this study were to examine the incidence, predictors, and clinical outcomes in patients with ACS without ST elevation who develop CHF. We stud- ied patients with unstable angina or non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) randomized to hirudin or unfractionated heparin in the Organisation to Assess Strategies for Ischemic Syndromes (OASIS-2) trial. The diagno- sis of CHF was based on a combination of clinical and radiographic features. Patients were followed for 6 months. Of 10 141 randomized patients, 501 (4.9%) developed CHF within the first week and 643 (6.3%) during 6 months of followup. Independent predictors for the development of CHF were older age, female sex, diabetes, prior MI, prior CHF, and NSTEMI at presentation. Compared with patients who did not develop CHF, patients who developed CHF were at increased risk of death (odds ratio (OR) 3.4, 95% CI 2.7-4.3), new MI (OR 2.8, 95% CI 2.2-3.6), and the need for intra-aortic balloon pump insertion (OR 5.4, 95% CI 3.5-8.4) at 7 days and 6 months. There was no increase in use of cardiac catheterization (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7-1.0) or revascularization (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.7-1.1) in patients who developed CHF. CHF is a common complication in patients presenting with non-ST segment elevation ACS and is strongly associated with adverse clinical outcomes including new MI and death. Despite this worse prognosis, patients with ACS developing CHF are less likely to be referred for invasive management. Resume : ll existe peu de donnees sur l'incidence et l'importance clinique de l'insuffisance cardiaque congestive (ICC) chez les patients presentant un syndrome coronarien aigu (SCA) sans elevation du segment ST. La presente etude a eu pour objectif d'examiner l'incidence, les valeurs predictives et les resultats cliniques chez des patients presentant un SCA sans elevation ST qui developpent une ICC. Nous avons examine des patients souffrant d'angine instable ou ayant subi un infarctus du myocarde (IM) sans ondes Q, randomises en groupe hirudine ou heparine non fractionnee dans l'essai OASIS-2. Le diagnostic de l'ICC a ete etabli en fonction de divers criteres cliniques et radiographiques. Les pa- tients ont ete suivis pendant 6 mois. Sur les 10141 patients randomises, 501 (4,9 %) ont developpe une ICC durant la premiere semaine et 643 (6,3 %) au cours des six mois du suivi. Les valeurs predictives independantes pour le deve- loppement de l'ICC ont ete : l'âge avance, le sexe feminin, le diabete, un IM anterieur, une ICC anterieure, un IM sans ondes Q au depart. Comparativement aux patients n'ayant pas developpe une ICC, les patients qui ont developpe une ICC ont presente un risque accru de mortalite (RC 3,4; 95 % IC : 2,7-4,3), d'un nouvel IM (RC 2,8; 95 IC : 2,2- 3,6) et d'une assistance par BCPIA (RC 5,4; 95 % IC : 3,5-8,4) a 7 jours e ta6m ois. Lerecours au catheterisme car- diaque (RC 0,8; 95 % IC : 0,7-1,0) ou a la revascularisation (RC 0,9; 95 % IC : 0,7-1,1) n'a pas augmente chez ces patients. Ainsi, l'ICC est une complication courante chez les patients presentant un SCA sans elevation du segment ST, qui est fortement associee a des evenements cliniques indesirables comme l'infarctus du myocarde et la mort. Malgre ce pronostic defavorable, les patients presentant un SCA et qui developpent une ICC sont peu susceptibles d'etre sou- mis a un traitement invasif. Mots cles : angine instable, syndrome coronarien aigu, insuffisance cardiaque congestive, pronostic. (Traduit par la Redaction) 103

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