Polarization imaging camera with a waveplate array fabricated with a femtosecond laser inside silica glass.

In this study, we demonstrate a polarization imaging camera with a waveplate array of a silica glass fabricated by femtosecond (fs) laser direct writing. To use a waveplate array of silica glass for polarization imaging, non-uniformity of the transmittance and retardance in the waveplates must be considered. Therefore, we used a general method of polarization analysis with system matrices determined experimentally for all the units in the waveplate array. We found that a figure of merit based on the determinant of the system matrix could be applied to improve the accuracy of analysis and the robustness to the retardance dispersion for both the simulated and the fabricated waveplate array.

[1]  A. Kapoor,et al.  Single layer homogeneous model for surface roughness by polarized light scattering , 2008 .

[2]  Y. Shimotsuma,et al.  Self-organized nanogratings in glass irradiated by ultrashort light pulses. , 2003, Physical review letters.

[3]  Martynas Beresna,et al.  Polarization sensitive camera by femtosecond laser nanostructuring. , 2013, Optics letters.

[4]  Masaaki Sakakura,et al.  Systematic Control of Structural Changes in GeO2 Glass Induced by Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing , 2015 .

[5]  J S Tyo,et al.  Noise equalization in Stokes parameter images obtained by use of variable-retardance polarimeters. , 2000, Optics letters.

[6]  V. Neel,et al.  Multimodal polarization system for imaging skin cancer , 2009 .

[7]  P. Kazansky,et al.  Form birefringence and negative index change created by femtosecond direct writing in transparent materials. , 2004, Optics letters.

[8]  J Scott Tyo,et al.  Review of passive imaging polarimetry for remote sensing applications. , 2006, Applied optics.

[9]  Hui-Kang Teng,et al.  Polarization modulation imaging ellipsometry for thin film thickness measurement , 2007 .

[10]  A. Ambirajan,et al.  Optimum Angles for a Polarimeter: Part II , 1995 .

[11]  F. Maignan,et al.  Remote sensing of aerosols over land surfaces from POLDER‐ADEOS‐1 polarized measurements , 2001 .

[12]  G. S. Phipps,et al.  Optimization of retardance for a complete Stokes polarimeter. , 2000, Optics letters.

[13]  Peter G. Kazansky,et al.  Broadband anisotropy of femtosecond laser induced nanogratings in fused silica , 2013 .

[14]  V. Gruev,et al.  CCD polarization imaging sensor with aluminum nanowire optical filters. , 2010, Optics express.

[15]  Cornell S. L. Chun,et al.  Polarization-sensitive infrared sensor for target discrimination , 1997, Optics & Photonics.

[16]  John Canning,et al.  Compact Birefringent Waveplates Photo-Induced in Silica by Femtosecond Laser , 2014, Micromachines.

[17]  Y. Bellouard,et al.  Femtosecond versus picosecond laser machining of nano-gratings and micro-channels in silica glass. , 2013, Optics express.

[18]  A. De Martino,et al.  Polarimetric imaging for the diagnosis of cervical cancer , 2008 .

[19]  Rasheed M. A. Azzam,et al.  General analysis and optimization of the four- detector photopolarimeter , 1988 .

[20]  Masaaki Sakakura,et al.  Ultrafast Manipulation of Self‐Assembled Form Birefringence in Glass , 2010, Advanced materials.

[21]  Yasuhiko Shimotsuma,et al.  Nanomodification of Glass Using fs Laser , 2013 .

[22]  K. Miura,et al.  Transient strain distributions during femtosecond laser-induced deformation inside LiF and MgO single crystals , 2015 .