PET/CT findings in prostate cancer patients with biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy

Purpose Previous studies have shown that the positive detection rate of [ 11 C]choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) depends on prostatespecific antigen (PSA) plasma levels. This study compared PSA levels and PSA doubling time (PSADT) to predict [ 11 C]choline PET/CT findings. Methods PSADT was retrospectively calculated in 170 prostate cancer (PCa) patients with biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy who underwent [ 11 C]choline PET/CT. PSADT was calculated as PSADT=ln2/m, where m is the slope of the linear regression line of the natural log of PSA values. At least three PSA measurements were used (median: 4; range: 3–16), separated by at least 3 months, each with a minimum increase of 0.20 ng/ml. PET/CT findings were validated using criteria based on histological analysis and clinical and imaging data. Statistical analysis was performed using the t test, chi-square test, analysis of variance and binary logistic regression. Regression-based coefficients were used to develop a nomogram predicting the probability of positive [ 11 C]choline PET/CT and 200 bootstrap resamples were used for internal validation. Results The median PSA was 1.25 ng/ml (range: 0.23– 48.6 ng/ml), and the median PSADT was 7.0 months (range: 0.97–45.3 months). [ 11 C]choline PET/CT was positive in 75 of 170 patients (44%). PET/CT findings were validated using histological criteria (11%) and clinical and imaging criteria (89%). The overall accuracy of [ 11 C]choline PET/CT

[1]  V. Bettinardi,et al.  Predictive factors of [11C]choline PET/CT in patients with biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy , 2010, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[2]  C. Nanni,et al.  Influence of Trigger PSA and PSA Kinetics on 11C-Choline PET/CT Detection Rate in Patients with Biochemical Relapse After Radical Prostatectomy , 2009, Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

[3]  Andrew J Vickers,et al.  Pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) velocity and doubling time are associated with outcome but neither improves prediction of outcome beyond pretreatment PSA alone in patients treated with radical prostatectomy. , 2009, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[4]  A. D'Amico,et al.  Prostate Specific Antigen Doubling Time , 2008 .

[5]  H. Lepor,et al.  Prostate-specific antigen doubling time is a reliable predictor of imageable metastases in men with biochemical recurrence after radical retropubic prostatectomy. , 2008, Urology.

[6]  R. Miralbell,et al.  Evaluation of [18F]-choline PET/CT for staging and restaging of prostate cancer , 2008, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[7]  F. Goldwasser,et al.  Prostate-specific antigen doubling time before onset of chemotherapy as a predictor of survival for hormone-refractory prostate cancer patients. , 2007, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[8]  J. Kurhanewicz,et al.  Prostate cancer: sextant localization with MR imaging, MR spectroscopy, and 11C-choline PET/CT. , 2007, Radiology.

[9]  F. Fazio,et al.  Detection of lymph-node metastases with integrated [11C]choline PET/CT in patients with PSA failure after radical retropubic prostatectomy: results confirmed by open pelvic-retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. , 2007, European urology.

[10]  A. D'Amico,et al.  USING PROSTATE‐SPECIFIC ANTIGEN DOUBLING TIME IN CLINICAL PRACTICE , 2007, BJU international.

[11]  H. Lilja,et al.  Can PSA velocity predict risk of death in men with prostate cancer? , 2007, Nature Clinical Practice Urology.

[12]  Richard K Valicenti,et al.  Predicting the outcome of salvage radiation therapy for recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. , 2007, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[13]  M C Gilardi,et al.  Two-dimensional vs three-dimensional imaging in whole body oncologic PET/CT: a Discovery-STE phantom and patient study. , 2007, The quarterly journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging : official publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [and] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR), [and] Section of the Society of....

[14]  V. Canzonieri,et al.  [18F]fluorocholine PET/CT imaging for the detection of recurrent prostate cancer at PSA relapse: experience in 100 consecutive patients , 2006, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[15]  F. Montorsi,et al.  Validation of a nomogram predicting the probability of lymph node invasion among patients undergoing radical prostatectomy and an extended pelvic lymphadenectomy. , 2006, European urology.

[16]  P. Spiess,et al.  Inadequacies of the current American Joint Committee on cancer staging system for prostate cancer , 2006, Cancer.

[17]  A. D'Amico,et al.  Predictors of prostate cancer-specific mortality after radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy. , 2005, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[18]  Alan W Partin,et al.  Risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality following biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. , 2005, JAMA.

[19]  G. V. von Schulthess,et al.  Fluorocholine PET/CT in patients with prostate cancer: initial experience. , 2005, Radiology.

[20]  M. Kattan,et al.  Pattern of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure dictates the probability of a positive bone scan in patients with an increasing PSA after radical prostatectomy. , 2005, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[21]  E. Venkatraman,et al.  Outcome predictors for the increasing PSA state after definitive external-beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer. , 2005, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[22]  Ming-Hui Chen,et al.  Preoperative PSA velocity and the risk of death from prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. , 2004, The New England journal of medicine.

[23]  Ming-Hui Chen,et al.  Surrogate end point for prostate cancer-specific mortality after radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy. , 2003, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[24]  J. Pruim,et al.  11C-choline positron emission tomography for the evaluation after treatment of localized prostate cancer. , 2003, European urology.

[25]  F Fazio,et al.  Value of [11C]choline-positron emission tomography for re-staging prostate cancer: a comparison with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography. , 2003, The Journal of urology.

[26]  J. Moul,et al.  Limited value of bone scintigraphy and computed tomography in assessing biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy. , 2003, Urology.

[27]  Steven Piantadosi,et al.  Biochemical (prostate specific antigen) recurrence probability following radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer. , 2003, The Journal of urology.

[28]  J Kotzerke,et al.  Intraindividual comparison of [11C]acetate and [11C]choline PET for detection of metastases of prostate cancer , 2003, Nuklearmedizin.

[29]  A. Renshaw,et al.  Determinants of prostate cancer-specific survival after radiation therapy for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. , 2002, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[30]  Nils Lid Hjort,et al.  Goodness‐of‐fit processes for logistic regression: simulation results , 2002, Statistics in medicine.

[31]  A W Partin,et al.  Contemporary update of prostate cancer staging nomograms (Partin Tables) for the new millennium. , 2002, Urology.

[32]  R. Dunn,et al.  Overall survival after prostate-specific-antigen-detected recurrence following conformal radiation therapy. , 2000, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[33]  E. Bergstralh,et al.  Long-term hazard of progression after radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer: continued risk of biochemical failure after 5 years. , 2000, The Journal of urology.

[34]  M. Kattan,et al.  Postoperative nomogram for disease recurrence after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. , 1999, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[35]  M. Banerjee,et al.  Limited role of radionuclide bone scintigraphy in patients with prostate specific antigen elevations after radical prostatectomy. , 1998, The Journal of urology.

[36]  T. Hara,et al.  PET imaging of prostate cancer using carbon-11-choline. , 1998, Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine.

[37]  J. Dekernion,et al.  Recurrence patterns after radical retropubic prostatectomy: clinical usefulness of prostate specific antigen doubling times and log slope prostate specific antigen. , 1997, The Journal of urology.

[38]  J. Silverman,et al.  MR imaging evaluation with a transrectal surface coil of local recurrence of prostatic cancer in men who have undergone radical prostatectomy. , 1997, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[39]  W. Gerald,et al.  Detection of circulating tumor cells in patients with localized and metastatic prostatic carcinoma: clinical implications. , 1995, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[40]  A. Partin,et al.  Evaluation of serum prostate-specific antigen velocity after radical prostatectomy to distinguish local recurrence from distant metastases. , 1994, Urology.

[41]  A. D'Amico,et al.  Linear regressive analysis using prostate‐specific antigen doubling time for predicting tumor biology and clinical outcome in prostate cancer , 1993, Cancer.

[42]  D. Chan,et al.  Estimation of prostatic growth using serial prostate-specific antigen measurements in men with and without prostate disease. , 1992, Cancer research.

[43]  S Paget,et al.  THE DISTRIBUTION OF SECONDARY GROWTHS IN CANCER OF THE BREAST. , 1889 .

[44]  M. Schwaiger,et al.  The detection rate of [11C]Choline-PET/CT depends on the serum PSA-value in patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer , 2007, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[45]  G. Glatting,et al.  [11C]choline PET/CT imaging in occult local relapse of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy , 2007, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[46]  A. Dirisamer,et al.  Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography with F-18-fluorocholine for Restaging of Prostate Cancer Patients: Meaningful at PSA < 5 ng/ml? , 2005, Molecular Imaging and Biology.

[47]  H M Sandler,et al.  Rate of PSA rise predicts metastatic versus local recurrence after definitive radiotherapy. , 1997, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[48]  G E Hanks,et al.  Increasing prostate-specific antigen profile following definitive radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer: clinical observations. , 1997, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.