Mixed spectral representation—Formants and linear predictive coding

A cascade formant model is well suited to describe certain speech segments, such as vowels and vowel‐like sounds. The formant model is also useful because the relationship between formants and the vocal tract configurations are well understood; however, this model is not adequate for other speech sounds, such as stops, fricatives, nasals, etc. On the other hand, LPC (linear predictive coding) analysis, of sufficiently high order, can adequately describe the spectrum of any speech sound, but the relationship between the LPC parameters and the spectrum or vocal tract configuration is not obvious. This paper describes a speech analysis/synthesis scheme that uses both formants and LPC parameters for different sections of a speech signal. Thus, in some regions, the benefit of the formant model can be utilized, while in other regions, the LPC representation can be used to obtain a good description of the speech spectrum. The analysis algorithm resolves the problem of discontinuities that arise from using the tw...