VIRUS: production of a massively replicated 33k fiber integral field spectrograph for the upgraded Hobby-Eberly Telescope

The Visible Integral-field Replicable Unit Spectrograph (VIRUS) consists of a baseline build of 150 identical spectrographs (arrayed as 75 units, each with a pair of spectrographs) fed by 33,600 fibers, each 1.5 arcsec diameter, deployed over the 22 arcminute field of the upgraded 10 m Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET). The goal is to deploy 82 units. VIRUS has a fixed bandpass of 350-550 nm and resolving power R~700. VIRUS is the first example of industrial-scale replication applied to optical astronomy and is capable of spectral surveys of large areas of sky. This approach, in which a relatively simple, inexpensive, unit spectrograph is copied in large numbers, offers significant savings of engineering effort, cost, and schedule when compared to traditional instruments. The main motivator for VIRUS is to map the evolution of dark energy for the Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX) using 0.8M Lyman-α emitting galaxies as tracers. The full VIRUS array is due to be deployed by early 2014 and will provide a powerful new facility instrument for the HET, well suited to the survey niche of the telescope. VIRUS and HET will open up wide-field surveys of the emission-line universe for the first time. We present the production design and current status of VIRUS.

[1]  Hanshin Lee,et al.  Fine optical alignment correction of astronomical spectrographs via in-situ full-field moment-based wavefront sensing , 2012, Other Conferences.

[2]  Phillip J. MacQueen,et al.  The cryogenic system for the VIRUS array of spectrographs on the Hobby-Eberly Telescope , 2008, Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation.

[3]  Hanshin Lee,et al.  Methods for evaluating the performance of volume phase holographic gratings for the VIRUS spectrograph array , 2012, Other Conferences.

[4]  Robin Ciardullo,et al.  THE HETDEX PILOT SURVEY. III. THE LOW METALLICITIES OF HIGH-REDSHIFT Lyα GALAXIES , 2010, 1011.0431.

[5]  Phillip J. MacQueen,et al.  Current status of the Hobby-Eberly Telescope wide field upgrade and VIRUS , 2008, Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation.

[6]  Hanshin Lee,et al.  Design and construction progress of LRS2-B: a new low resolution integral-field spectrograph for the Hobby-Eberly Telescope , 2012, Other Conferences.

[7]  Ian M. Soukup,et al.  HETDEX tracker control system design and implementation , 2012, Other Conferences.

[8]  Matthew A. Bershady,et al.  Recombination Ghosts in Littrow Configuration: Implications for Spectrographs Using Volume Phase Holographic Gratings , 2007 .

[9]  J. Schmoll,et al.  Statistical Test of Optical Fibers for Use in PMAS, the Potsdam Multi‐Aperture Spectrophotometer , 2003, astro-ph/0304288.

[10]  John A. Booth,et al.  Design, testing, and installation of a high-precision hexapod for the Hobby-Eberly Telescope dark energy experiment (HETDEX) , 2012, Other Conferences.

[11]  Hanshin Lee,et al.  Design, testing, and performance of the Hobby Eberly Telescope prime focus instrument package , 2012, Other Conferences.

[12]  Andreas Kelz,et al.  Design, construction, and performance of VIRUS-P: the prototype of a highly replicated integral-field spectrograph for HET , 2008, Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation.

[13]  Alan Dressler,et al.  A Magellan IMACS Spectroscopic Search for Lyα-emitting Galaxies at Redshift 5.7 , 2008, 0802.2393.

[14]  Hanshin Lee,et al.  Current status of the Hobby-Eberly Telescope wide field upgrade , 2010, Other Conferences.

[15]  Andreas Kelz,et al.  Focal ratio degradation and transmission in VIRUS-P optical fibers , 2008, Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation.

[16]  Travis Prochaska,et al.  VIRUS spectrograph assembly and alignment procedures , 2012, Other Conferences.

[17]  John A. Booth,et al.  Use of failure modes and effects analysis in design of the tracker system for the HET wide-field upgrade , 2012, Other Conferences.

[18]  The University of Texas at Austin,et al.  THE SPATIALLY RESOLVED STAR FORMATION LAW FROM INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTROSCOPY: VIRUS-P OBSERVATIONS OF NGC 5194 , 2009, 0908.2810.

[19]  Mark E. Cornell,et al.  Tracker controls development and control architecture for the Hobby-Eberly Telescope Wide Field Upgrade , 2010, Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation.

[20]  James H. Burge,et al.  Development of a wide-field spherical aberration corrector for the Hobby Eberly Telescope , 2010, Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation.

[21]  John A. Booth,et al.  Performance verification testing for HET wide-field upgrade tracker in the laboratory , 2010, Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation.

[22]  Phillip J. MacQueen,et al.  Volume phase holographic grating performance on the VIRUS-P instrument , 2008, Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation.

[23]  Povilas Palunas,et al.  Present and future instrumentation for the Hobby-Eberly Telescope , 2006, SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation.

[24]  Povilas Palunas,et al.  The Hobby-Eberly Telescope Completion Project , 2003, SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation.

[25]  Hanshin Lee,et al.  Metrology systems of Hobby-Eberly Telescope wide field upgrade , 2012, Other Conferences.

[26]  D. O. Astronomy,et al.  The Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX): Description and Early Pilot Survey Results , 2008, 0806.0183.

[27]  Andreas Kelz,et al.  Design of the fiber optic support system and fiber bundle accelerated life test for VIRUS , 2010, Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation.

[28]  Stuart I. Barnes,et al.  Present and future instrumentation for the Hobby-Eberly Telescope , 2008, Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation.

[29]  Kenneth H. Nordsieck,et al.  Completion of the Southern African Large Telescope , 2006 .

[30]  I. Hook,et al.  Integral Field Spectroscopy with the Gemini Multiobject Spectrograph.I. Design, Construction, and Testing , 2002 .

[31]  Ulrich Hopp,et al.  THE HETDEX PILOT SURVEY. II. THE EVOLUTION OF THE Lyα ESCAPE FRACTION FROM THE ULTRAVIOLET SLOPE AND LUMINOSITY FUNCTION OF 1.9 , 2010, 1011.0430.

[32]  Povilas Palunas,et al.  The wide field upgrade for the Hobby-Eberly Telescope , 2006, SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation.

[33]  Brian T. Murphy,et al.  Design and development of a high-precision, high-payload telescope dual-drive system , 2010, Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation.

[34]  Taylor S. Chonis,et al.  Development of a cryogenic system for the VIRUS array of 150 spectrographs for the Hobby-Eberly Telescope , 2010, Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation.

[35]  Gary J. Hill,et al.  Analysis of active alignment control of the Hobby-Eberly Telescope wide-field corrector using Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors , 2010, Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation.

[36]  Joseph J. Zierer,et al.  Kinematic optimization of upgrade to the Hobby-Eberly Telescope through novel use of commercially available three-dimensional CAD package , 2010, Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation.

[37]  Andreas Kelz,et al.  Mechanical design evolution of the VIRUS instrument for volume production and deployment , 2010, Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation.

[38]  S. Okamura,et al.  Large-scale filamentary structure around the protocluster at redshift z = 3.1 , 2005 .

[39]  Ulrich Hopp,et al.  THE HETDEX PILOT SURVEY. I. SURVEY DESIGN, PERFORMANCE, AND CATALOG OF EMISSION-LINE GALAXIES , 2010 .

[40]  Andreas Kelz a,et al.  Prototype development of the Integral-Field unit for VIRUS , 2006 .

[41]  Roland Bacon,et al.  The second-generation VLT instrument MUSE: science drivers and instrument design , 2004, SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation.

[42]  Ian M. Soukup,et al.  Design and development of a long-travel positioning actuator and tandem constant force actuator safety system for the Hobby Eberly Telescope wide-field upgrade , 2010, Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation.

[43]  Hanshin Lee,et al.  LRS2: a new low-resolution spectrograph for the Hobby-Eberly Telescope , 2010, Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation.

[44]  F. Grupp,et al.  VIRUS: A hugely replicated integral field spectrograph for HETDEX , 2006 .

[45]  Travis Prochaska,et al.  Initial results from VIRUS production spectrographs , 2012, Other Conferences.

[46]  Hanshin Lee,et al.  Image moment-based wavefront sensing for in-situ full-field image quality assessment , 2012, Other Conferences.

[47]  Gary J. Hill,et al.  THE CENTRAL DARK MATTER DISTRIBUTION OF NGC 2976 , 2011, 1110.5951.