Divergência genética entre acessos de espinheira-santa (Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek e M. aquifolium Mart.) com base em caracteres morfológicos e fisiológicos

Maytenus ilicifolia and M. aquifolium ("espinheira-santa") are medicinal species native to Brazil. They are endangered due to the strong anthropic action in natural populations. The aim of this work was to evaluate the genetic divergence in "espinheira-santa" germplasm and to cluster accessions by multivariate analyses based on morphophysiological traits of progenies. Eighty-nine accessions of the "espinheira-santa" active germplasm bank from the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) Temperate Agriculture, Pelotas Federal University, Pelotas Municipality, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, were evaluated regarding days from sowing to emergence; height and stem-base diameter at 90, 180, 270 and 360 days; height and stem-base diameter growth; leaf length and width; and number of thorns per leaf. Experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four replicates and five plants per plot. The results were subjected to analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of variance, and canonical variables were estimated. The evaluated traits were efficient for separating the accessions into three clusters. Height and stem-basal diameter at 360 days and leaf number at 180 days were the most important for "espinheira-santa" germplasm characterization.