Modeling Water Quality Parameters Using Landsat Multispectral Images: A Case Study of Erlong Lake, Northeast China

Erlong Lake is considered one of the largest lakes in midwest Jilin, China, and one of the drinking water resources in neighboring cities. The present study aims to explore the usage of Landsat TM5, ETM7, and OLI8 images to assess water quality (V-phenol, dissolved oxygen (DO), NH4-N, NO3-N) in Erlong Lake, Jilin province, northeast China. Thirteen multispectral images were used in this study for May, July, August, and September in 2000, 2001, 2002, and October 2020. Radiometric and atmospheric corrections were applied to all images. All in situ water quality parameters were strongly correlated to each other, except DO. The in situ measurements (V-phenol, dissolved oxygen, NH4-N, NO3-N) were statistically correlated with various spectral band combinations (blue, green, red, and NIR) derived from Landsat imagery. Regression analysis reported that there are strong relationships between the estimated and retrieved water quality from the Landsat images. Moreover, in calibrations, the highest value of the coefficient of determination (R2) was ≥0.85 with (RMSE) = 0.038; the lowest value of R2 was >0.30 with RMSE= 0.752. All generated models were validated in different statistical indices; R2 was up to 0.95 for most cases, with RMSE ranging from 1.390 to 0.050. Finally, the empirical algorithms were successfully assessed (V-phenol, dissolved oxygen, NH4-N, NO3-N) in Erlong Lake, using Landsat images with very good accuracy. Both in situ and model retrieved results showed the same trends with non-significant differences. September of 2000, 2001, and 2002 and October of 2020 were selected to assess the spatial distributions of V-phenol, DO, NH4-N, and NO3-N in the lake. V-phenol, NH4-N, and NO3-N were reported low in shallow water but high in deep water, while DO was high in shallow water but low in deep water of the lake. Domestic sewage, agricultural, and urban industrial pollution are the most common sources of pollution in the Erlong Lake.

[1]  Vassiliki Markogianni,et al.  An Appraisal of the Potential of Landsat 8 in Estimating Chlorophyll-a, Ammonium Concentrations and Other Water Quality Indicators , 2018, Remote. Sens..

[2]  Qiaozhen Guo,et al.  Study on Retrieval of Chlorophyll-a Concentration Based on Landsat OLI Imagery in the Haihe River, China , 2016 .

[3]  M. Dubé,et al.  The effects of hypoxia on fishes: from ecological relevance to physiological effects , 2007 .

[4]  Marinos Glafkou Hadjimitsis,et al.  Use of space technology for assisting water quality assessment and monitoring of inland water bodies , 2010 .

[5]  Assefa M. Melesse,et al.  A Comprehensive Review on Water Quality Parameters Estimation Using Remote Sensing Techniques , 2016, Sensors.

[6]  Mi-Hyun Park,et al.  Assessment of nutrient distributions in Lake Champlain using satellite remote sensing. , 2014, Journal of environmental sciences.

[7]  Essam Sharaf El Din.  Enhancing the accuracy of retrieving quantities of turbidity and total suspended solids using Landsat-8-based-principal component analysis technique , 2019, Journal of Spatial Science.

[8]  K. Abdelmalik.  Role of statistical remote sensing for Inland water quality parameters prediction , 2016, The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science.

[9]  Linfield Brown,et al.  Statistics for Environmental Engineers , 2002 .

[10]  The potential of Earth Observation in modelling nutrient loading and water quality in lakes of southern Québec, Canada , 2017, Aquatic Sciences.

[11]  Richard G. Lathrop,et al.  Landsat Thematic Mapper monitoring of turbid inland water quality , 1992 .

[12]  Wu Yang,et al.  Water quality monitoring and evaluation using remote sensing techniques in China: a systematic review , 2019, Ecosystem Health and Sustainability.

[13]  George C. Zalidis,et al.  The performance of satellite images in mapping aquacultures , 2008 .

[14]  V. Caselles,et al.  Integrated satellite data fusion and mining for monitoring lake water quality status of the Albufera de Valencia in Spain. , 2015, Journal of environmental management.

[15]  V. R. Mandla,et al.  Development of regression equation to study the Total Nitrogen, Total Phosphorus and Suspended Sediment using remote sensing data in Gujarat and Maharashtra coast of India , 2017, Journal of Coastal Conservation.

[16]  Philip A. Townsend,et al.  A MODIS approach to predicting stream water quality in Wisconsin , 2013 .

[17]  G. Quibell.  The effect of suspended sediment on reflectance from freshwater algae , 1991 .

[18]  C. K. Mukherjee,et al.  Applications of remote sensing and GIS for sustainable management of shrimp culture in India , 2007 .

[19]  T. S. Kapalanga.  Remote-sensing-based algorithms for water quality monitoring in Olushandja Dam, north-central Namibia , 2016, Water Supply.

[20]  B. Merkel,et al.  Application of Landsat 5 and Landsat 7 images data for water quality mapping in Mosul Dam Lake, Northern Iraq , 2014, Arabian Journal of Geosciences.

[21]  Yebao Wang,et al.  Remote-sensing estimation of dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentration in the Bohai Sea using band combinations derived from MODIS data , 2016 .

[22]  A. Aksoy,et al.  Determination of Secchi Disc depths in Lake Eymir using remotely sensed data , 2011 .

[23]  Scot E. Smith,et al.  In situ estimation of water quality parameters in freshwater aquaculture ponds using hyperspectral imaging system , 2011 .

[24]  Xuejun Wang,et al.  Application of MODIS satellite data in monitoring water quality parameters of Chaohu Lake in China , 2009, Environmental monitoring and assessment.

[25]  Jingli Ren,et al.  Remote sensing of diffuse attenuation coefficient patterns from Landsat 8 OLI imagery of turbid inland waters: A case study of Dongting Lake. , 2016, The Science of the total environment.

[26]  Yunpeng Wang,et al.  Water quality change in reservoirs of Shenzhen, China: detection using LANDSAT/TM data. , 2004, The Science of the total environment.

[27]  Minha Choi,et al.  Assessment of water quality based on Landsat 8 operational land imager associated with human activities in Korea , 2015, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.

[28]  T. Grischek,et al.  Water Quality Changes during Riverbank Filtration in Budapest, Hungary , 2019, Water.

[29]  Yue Yu,et al.  Water-Quality Classification of Inland Lakes Using Landsat8 Images by Convolutional Neural Networks , 2019, Remote. Sens..

[30]  D. Calamari,et al.  Water Quality Criteria for European Freshwater Fish , 1988 .

[31]  Upmanu Lall,et al.  Use of satellite imagery for water quality studies in New York Harbor , 2004 .

[32]  Claudia Giardino,et al.  Application of Remote Sensing in Water Resource Management: The Case Study of Lake Trasimeno, Italy , 2010 .

[33]  Muhammad Imran Shahzad,et al.  Empirical estimation of suspended solids concentration in the Indus Delta Region using Landsat-7 ETM+ imagery. , 2018, Journal of environmental management.

[34]  H. Ibrahim,et al.  Water Quality Assessment Models for Dokan Lake Using Landsat 8 OLI Satellite Images , 2016 .

[35]  Defu Liu,et al.  Nutrient estimation by HJ-1 satellite imagery of Xiangxi Bay, Three Gorges Reservoir, China , 2016, Environmental Earth Sciences.

[36]  H. Ross,et al.  Curriculum Making as the Enactment of Dwelling in Places , 2012 .

[37]  John C. Davis.  Minimal Dissolved Oxygen Requirements of Aquatic Life with Emphasis on Canadian Species: a Review , 1975 .

[38]  A. El-Zeiny,et al.  Assessment of water pollution induced by human activities in Burullus Lake using Landsat 8 operational land imager and GIS , 2017 .

[39]  Qingyan Meng,et al.  Retrieval of Turbidity on a Spatio-Temporal Scale Using Landsat 8 SR: A Case Study of the Ramganga River in the Ganges Basin, India , 2020, Applied Sciences.

[40]  P. Franklin.  Dissolved oxygen criteria for freshwater fish in New Zealand: a revised approach , 2014 .

[41]  Donald C. Rundquist,et al.  The impact of bottom brightness on spectral reflectance of suspended sediments , 2000 .

[42]  M. He,et al.  Optical closure of parameterized bio-optical relationships , 2014, Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology.

[43]  A. Torregroza-Espinosa,et al.  Use of LANDSAT 8 images for depth and water quality assessment of El Guájaro reservoir, Colombia , 2018 .

[44]  Rachna Bhateria,et al.  Water quality assessment of lake water: a review , 2016, Sustainable Water Resources Management.

[45]  A. El Saadi,et al.  Statistical estimation of Rosetta branch water quality using multi-spectral data , 2014 .

[46]  M. Ibrahim,et al.  Anthropogenic Impacts on Water Quality of River Nile and Marine Environment, Rosetta Branch Using Geospatial Analyses , 2018, Journal of Environmental Sciences. Mansoura University.

[47]  J. Feller,et al.  A Water Quality Appraisal of Some Existing and Potential Riverbank Filtration Sites in India , 2019, Water.

[48]  P. Chavez.  Image-Based Atmospheric Corrections - Revisited and Improved , 1996 .

[49]  Bishnu Dev Das.  Assessment of Surface Water Quality of Chimdi Lake of Sunsari District, Nepal , 2017 .