Energetic valorization of waste tires

Significant high levels of available waste tires in Brazil, which reached approximately 473 thousand tons in 2015, offer an attractive potential for their use as fuel in advanced thermal conversion processes. Technologies for energetic valorization of waste tires were reviewed and two alternatives based on updraft gasification in a modified reactor design were proposed. First of all, a large-scale updraft gasifier on IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) was considered for the gasification of the derived fuel from waste tires, capable to produce between 10.8 and 16.1 MJ of electric energy per kg of derived fuel from waste tires fed to the reactor. The second alternative considered a small-scale updraft gasifier feeding an internal combustion engine, coupled to an electricity generator for the production of up to 8.2 MJ of electric energy per kg of derived fuel from waste tires fed to the reactor. Implementation of these technologies will allow energetic valorization of waste tires in Brazil, solving their disposal problems, creating jobs, reducing negative disposal environmental impacts in landfills, and increasing distributed generation of electricity.

[1]  Paul T. Williams,et al.  Sulfur-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tyre pyrolysis oil , 1995 .

[2]  Alessandra McConville.  New coal facilities : overcoming the obstacles , 1996 .

[3]  Kefa Cen,et al.  Low-temperature gasification of waste tire in a fluidized bed , 2008 .

[4]  Ramón Murillo,et al.  Demonstration of the waste tire pyrolysis process on pilot scale in a continuous auger reactor. , 2013, Journal of hazardous materials.

[5]  Qiang Yao,et al.  Pilot-Scale Pyrolysis of Scrap Tires in a Continuous Rotary Kiln Reactor , 2004 .

[6]  Andrés Z. Mendiburu,et al.  Thermochemical equilibrium modeling of biomass downdraft gasifier: Stoichiometric models , 2014 .

[7]  T. García,et al.  Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC) of Fossil and Nonfossil Fuels. A Comparative Study , 2000 .

[8]  Fehmi Akgün,et al.  Experimental results of gasification of waste tire with air in a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier , 2013 .

[9]  Anastasia Zabaniotou,et al.  Sustainable management of energy crops for integrated biofuels and green energy production in Greece , 2011 .

[10]  S. Murugan,et al.  Assessment of pyrolysis oil as an energy source for diesel engines , 2009 .

[11]  José Roberto Castilho Piqueira,et al.  Brazilian exchange rate complexity: Financial crisis effects , 2012 .

[12]  Umberto Ghezzi,et al.  Experimental Evaluation of Waste Tires Utilization in Cement Kilns. , 1999, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.

[13]  Martin Kaltschmitt,et al.  Dichrostachys cinerea as a possible energy crop—facts and figures , 2012 .

[14]  Paul T. Williams,et al.  High yield hydrogen from the pyrolysis–catalytic gasification of waste tyres with a nickel/dolomite catalyst , 2013 .

[15]  L. Delfosse,et al.  Laboratory scale studies on gaseous emissions generated by the incineration of an artificial automotive shredder residue presenting a critical composition , 1998 .

[16]  Ramón Murillo,et al.  Waste tyre pyrolysis – A review , 2013 .

[17]  Christian Roy,et al.  The vacuum pyrolysis of used tires , 1995 .

[18]  Marco A. Janssen,et al.  Trade and recycling of used tyres in Western and Eastern Europe , 2001 .

[19]  José M. Encinar,et al.  Pyrolysis of automobile tyre waste. Influence of operating variables and kinetics study , 2001 .

[20]  Blaise Labrecque,et al.  Recycling of scrap tires to oil and carbon black by vacuum pyrolysis , 1990 .

[21]  K S Chen,et al.  On the pyrolysis kinetics of scrap automotive tires. , 2001, Journal of hazardous materials.

[22]  Nicholas Coleman,et al.  Bank ownership, lending, and local economic performance during the 2008-2009 financial crisis. , 2015, Journal of monetary economics.

[23]  Christian Roy,et al.  Production of dl-limonene by vacuum pyrolysis of used tires , 2001 .

[24]  Yiannis A. Levendis,et al.  Comparison of the combustion behaviour of pulverized waste tyres and coal , 1995 .

[25]  B. Caballero,et al.  Pyrolysis of scrap tyres , 2001 .

[26]  Dennis Y.C. Leung,et al.  Fluidized-bed gasification of waste tire powders , 2003 .

[27]  Carlos Alberto F. Lagarinhos,et al.  RECICLAGEM DE PNEUS: DISCUSSÃO DO IMPACTO DA POLÍTICA BRASILEIRA , 2010 .

[28]  Edward M. Eyring,et al.  Coprocessing waste rubber tire material and coal , 1996 .

[29]  Hsisheng Teng,et al.  Characterization of Waste Tire Incineration in a Prototype Vortexing Fluidized Bed Combustor , 1997 .

[30]  Christian Roy,et al.  Characterization of naphtha and carbon black obtained by vacuum pyrolysis of polyisoprene rubber , 1997 .

[31]  Recep Yumrutaş,et al.  Production of gasoline and diesel like fuels from waste tire oil by using catalytic pyrolysis , 2016 .

[32]  Dennis Y.C. Leung,et al.  Kinetic study of scrap tyre pyrolysis and combustion , 1998 .

[33]  Byung Ho Song,et al.  Gasification of tire scrap and sewage sludge in a circulating fluidized bed with a draft tube , 2005 .

[34]  Cumali İlkılıç,et al.  Fuel production from waste vehicle tires by catalytic pyrolysis and its application in a diesel engi , 2011 .

[35]  Paul T. Williams,et al.  The pyrolysis of scrap automotive tyres , 1990 .

[36]  Antonio Molino,et al.  High energy syngas production by waste tyres steam gasification in a rotary kiln pilot plant. Experimental and numerical investigations , 2010 .

[37]  John MacDonald,et al.  Estimating the Lower Heating Values of Hazardous and Solid Wastes. , 1999, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.

[38]  Anastasia Zabaniotou,et al.  Energetic valorization of SRF in dedicated plants and cement kilns and guidelines for application in Greece and Cyprus , 2014 .

[39]  Michèle Heitz,et al.  Environmental impact of the energy recovery of scrap tires in a cement kiln , 1998 .

[40]  Charlotte Clark,et al.  Burning tires for fuel and tire pyrolysis: air implications , 1991 .

[41]  Rajasekhar Balasubramanian,et al.  Liquefaction of waste tires by pyrolysis for oil and chemicals—A review , 2013 .

[42]  Stefano Frigo,et al.  Liquid fuel production from waste tyre pyrolysis and its utilisation in a Diesel engine , 2014 .

[43]  I. Marco,et al.  Characterization of the liquid products obtained in tyre pyrolysis , 2004 .

[44]  Paul T. Williams,et al.  Composition of oils derived from the batch pyrolysis of tyres , 1998 .

[45]  Paul M. Lemieux,et al.  Emissions of organic air toxics from open burning: a comprehensive review , 2004 .

[46]  D. Laird,et al.  Review of the pyrolysis platform for coproducing bio‐oil and biochar , 2009 .

[47]  F. Baronnet,et al.  Characterization of emissions during the heating of tyre contaminated scrap. , 2001, Chemosphere.

[48]  Anastasia Zabaniotou,et al.  Features of an efficient and environmentally attractive used tyres pyrolysis with energy and material recovery , 2013 .

[49]  Falak O. Abas,et al.  Optimization of pyrolysis conditions of scrap tires under inert gas atmosphere , 2004 .

[50]  Piero Salatino,et al.  A fast heating-rate thermogravimetric study of the pyrolysis of scrap tyres , 1999 .

[51]  Duc Khuong Nguyen,et al.  Global Financial Crisis, Extreme Interdependences, and Contagion Effects: The Role of Economic Structure? , 2011 .

[52]  Yiannis A. Levendis,et al.  Comparative study on the combustion and emissions of waste tire crumb and pulverized coal , 1996 .

[53]  José Luz Silveira,et al.  Experimental study of bottom feed updraft gasifier , 2013 .

[54]  H. Veringa,et al.  The production of synthetic natural gas (SNG): A comparison of three wood gasification systems for energy balance and overall efficiency , 2010 .

[55]  J. R. Kim,et al.  Pyrolysis of waste tires with partial oxidation in a fluidized-bed reactor , 1995 .

[56]  I. Marco,et al.  Chromatographic analysis of the gases obtained in tyre pyrolysis , 2000 .

[57]  Steffen Heidenreich,et al.  New concepts in biomass gasification , 2015 .

[58]  Giacinto Cornacchia,et al.  Steam gasification of waste tyre: influence of process temperature on yield and product composition. , 2013, Waste management.

[59]  José Luz Silveira,et al.  Biomass gasification for combined heat and power generation in the Cuban context: Energetic and economic analysis , 2015 .

[60]  Dexter Russell,et al.  Scrap Tire Technology and Markets , 1993 .

[61]  J. M. Bouvier,et al.  Pyrolysis of rubber wastes in heavy oils and use of the products , 1986 .

[62]  Ramón Murillo,et al.  Process for the Separation of Gas Products from Waste Tire Pyrolysis , 2006 .

[63]  Daren E. Daugaard,et al.  Enthalpy for Pyrolysis for Several Types of Biomass , 2003 .

[64]  Gordon McKay,et al.  Preparation and characterisation of demineralised tyre derived activated carbon , 2011 .

[65]  Yu-Min Chang,et al.  On pyrolysis of waste tire: Degradation rate and product yields , 1996 .