With the uprating requirements of space remote sensing, the aperture of the optical remote sensor is getting larger and larger. The influences of both the support of optical elements and gravity deformation on the optical system are difficult to conquer. Therefore, it is necessary to compensate the descending optical performance which is caused by the surface error of primary mirror by means of adjusting the position parameters of the optical elements on-orbit. A large aperture coaxial three-mirror optical system is introduced in the paper. Matlab and MetroPro are used to simulate the surface error of the primary mirror. The surface error of the primary mirror is compensated by adjusting the position freedoms of the secondary mirror. The results show that the adjustment of the position freedoms of the secondary mirror can compensate both the coma and some astigmatism of the primary mirror, but not the spherical aberration.