Beyond the Producer-drivenl Buyer-driven Dichotomy The Evolution of Global Value Chains in the Internet Era

1 Shifting Forms of Value-chain Governance Competition in the global economy is forged by the interaction between three broad sets of factors: technological, institutional, and organisational innovations; the enterprise networks that emerge out of and increasingly move beyond national business systems; and the regulatory powers vested in regional, national and local governments. These patterns of competition change over time and across industries, and they are embodied in the organisation of global value chains (Gereffi and Korzeniewicz 1994; Kaplinsky 2000) 1