Methamphetamine Exposure, Polydrug Exposure, and Poverty on Intrauterine The Infant Development, Environment, and Lifestyle Study: Effects of Prenatal

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE. Methamphetamine use among pregnant women is an increasing problemin the United States. Effects of methamphetamine use during pregnancy on fetalgrowth have not been reported in large, prospective studies. We examined theneonatal growth effects of prenatal methamphetamine exposure in the multi-center, longitudinal Infant Development, Environment and Lifestyle study. DESIGN/METHOD. The Infant Development, Environment and Lifestyle study screened13 808 subjects at 4 clinical centers: 1618 were eligible and consented, amongwhich 84 were methamphetamine exposed, and 1534 were unexposed. Thosewho were methamphetamine exposed were identified by self-report and/or gaschromatography-mass spectrometry confirmation of amphetamine and metabo-lites in infant meconium. Those who were unexposed denied amphetamine useand had a negative meconium screen. Both groups included prenatal alcohol,tobacco, or marijuana use, but excluded use of opiates, LSD, PCP or cocaine only.Neonatal parameters included birth weight and gestational age in weeks. One-wayanalysisofvarianceandlinear-regressionanalyseswereconductedonbirthweightby exposure. The relationship of methamphetamine exposure and the incidence ofsmall for gestational age was analyzed using multivariate logistic-regression anal-yses.

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