Mechanochemical synthesis of zinc oxide nanocrystalline

Abstract Pure zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocrystalline was successfully prepared by the mechanochemical method followed by a heat-treatment using ZnCl2 and Na2CO3 as reagents, while NaCl was used as a diluent. The samples were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-ray Diffraction analysis (XRD). The effects of the milling time and the heat-treatment temperature on ZnO nanocrystalline size were investigated in this work. Experimental results show that increasing the milling time can effectively reduce the nanocrystalline size of ZnO. The average crystal size is about 21 nm for the ZnO nanocrystallites by the calcination of the after-milled powder at 600 °C in air and removal of NaCl through washing. The crystal size increases with increasing heat-treatment temperature. The mechanism of nanocrystallite growth is discussed.

[1]  Ü. Kersen.  The gas-sensing potential of nanocrystalline SnO2 produced by a mechanochemical milling via centrifugal action , 2002 .

[2]  J. Ding,et al.  Ultrafine zinc oxide powders prepared by precipitation/mechanical milling , 2001 .

[3]  David C. Look,et al.  Recent Advances in ZnO Materials and Devices , 2001 .

[4]  K. Venkataraman,et al.  Energetics of collision between grinding media in ball mills and mechanochemical effects , 1998 .

[5]  Zu Rong Dai,et al.  Novel Nanostructures of Functional Oxides Synthesized by Thermal Evaporation , 2003 .

[6]  Shicheng Zhang,et al.  Preparation of ZnO particles by precipitation transformation method and its inherent formation mechanisms , 2003 .

[7]  Xinsheng Peng,et al.  Catalytic growth of semiconducting zinc oxide nanowires and their photoluminescence properties , 2002 .

[8]  L. Mädler,et al.  Homogeneous ZnO Nanoparticles by Flame Spray Pyrolysis , 2002 .

[9]  R. Aiyer,et al.  Effect of solvents on the synthesis of nano-size zinc oxide and its properties , 2006 .

[10]  K. Murata,et al.  Effect of cations and anions on properties of zinc oxide particles synthesized in supercritical water , 2004 .

[11]  M. Villegas,et al.  Controlled precipitation methods: formation mechanism of ZnO nanoparticles , 2001 .

[12]  Hong‐Ming Lin,et al.  Electrode effects on gas sensing properties of nanocrystalline zinc oxide , 1998 .

[13]  Xiaolong Chen,et al.  Fabrication of zinc oxide nanorods , 2001 .

[14]  Wojtek Wlodarski,et al.  p-and n-type Fe-doped SnO2 gas sensors fabricated by the mechanochemical processing technique , 2003 .

[15]  F. Luborsky.  Chapter 1 – Amorphous metallic alloys , 1983 .

[16]  Yiying Wu,et al.  Room-Temperature Ultraviolet Nanowire Nanolasers , 2001, Science.

[17]  Chunzhong Li,et al.  Acetate-derived ZnO ultrafine particles synthesized by spray pyrolysis , 1998 .

[18]  Z. Yin,et al.  Hydrothermal preparation of nanometer ZnO powders , 2001 .

[19]  S. Chen,et al.  Characteristics of sol-gel synthesis of ZnO-based powders , 2000 .

[20]  J. Tarascon,et al.  Mechanochemical synthesis of Li-Mn-O spinels: Positive electrode for lithium batteries , 2001 .

[21]  Paul Roth,et al.  Formation and properties of ZnO nano-particles from gas phase synthesis processes , 2002 .

[22]  P. McCormick,et al.  Synthesis of CdS quantum dots by mechanochemical reaction , 1997 .

[23]  P. Balá.  Mechanochemical route for sulphide nanoparticles preparation , 2003 .

[24]  C. Santilli,et al.  Preparation of ZnO Nanoparticles: Structural Study of the Molecular Precursor , 2003 .

[25]  P. Searson,et al.  Influence of solvent on the growth of ZnO nanoparticles. , 2003, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[26]  Mian Wang,et al.  Syntheses of MO2 (M=Si, Ce, Sn) nanoparticles by solid-state reactions at ambient temperature , 2000 .

[27]  S. Komarneni,et al.  Synthesis of ZnO with and without microwaves , 2000 .