Information Coding in Reconfigurable DNA Origami Domino Array.

DNA nanostructures with programmable nanoscale patterns has been achieved in the past decades, and molecular information coding (MIC) on those designed nanostructures has gained increasing attention for information security. However, exerting steganography and cryptography synchronously on DNA nanostructures still remains a challenge to guarantee more security approach for MIC. Here, we demonstrated MIC in a reconfigurable DNA origami domino array (DODA), which can reconfigure intrinsic patterns but keep the DODA outline the same for steganography. When a set of keys (DNA strands) are added, the cryptographic data (e.g. Numbers "0 - 9") can be translated into visible patterns within DODA. More complex cryptography with ASCII nanocodes definition within programmable 6×6 lattice is demonstrated to ensure the versatility of MIC in the DODA. Furthermore, a further anti-counterfeiting approach based on conformational transformation mediated toehold strand displacement reaction is designed to protect MIC from decoding and falsification, presenting a unique high-security level approach for information processing.