Prospective Study on Combination of Electrical Impedance Scanning and Ultrasound in Estimating Risk of Development of Breast Cancer in Young Women

ABSTRACT Based on cost-effective ratio, there has not yet been imaging methods suitable for breast cancer screening in young women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the combination of electrical impedance scanning (EIS) and ultrasound in identifying breast cancer for young women, to calculate relative risks, and to determine whether there has been some more accurate imaging method used in early detection of breast cancer in young women. A prospective and multicenter clinical study was conducted in young women aged 45 years and under. The young women (583 cases) scheduled for mammary biopsy underwent EIS and ultrasound, respectively. EIS and ultrasound results were compared with final histopathology results. Study end points included sensitivities and specificities of EIS, ultrasound and the combination method, as well as relative probability of breast cancer of positive patients detected by the combination of EIS and ultrasound. Of the 583 cases, 143 were diagnosed with breast cancer. The sensitivities of EIS, ultrasound and the combination method were 86.7% (124/143), 72% (103/143), and 93.7% (134/143); the specificities were 72.9% (321/440), 82.5% (363/440), and 64.1% (282/440), and the relative possibilities of breast cancer for the positive young women detected by EIS, ultrasound, and the combination method were 8.67, 5.77, and 14.84, respectively. The combination of EIS and ultrasound is likely to become an applicable method for early detection of breast cancer in young women.

[1]  David Gur,et al.  Prospective study of electrical impedance scanning for identifying young women at risk for breast cancer , 2006, Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.

[2]  Ji Zhen-yu.  The design and realization of the clinical data management system for galactophore EIS , 2005 .

[3]  R. Anderson,et al.  Differentiation of mammographically suspicious lesions: evaluation of breast ultrasound, MRI mammography and electrical impedance scanning as adjunctive technologies in breast cancer detection. , 2001, Clinical radiology.

[4]  J. Elmore,et al.  Ten-year risk of false positive screening mammograms and clinical breast examinations. , 1998, The New England journal of medicine.

[5]  R. Anderson,et al.  On Electrical Impedance Scanning - Principles and Simulations , 2000 .

[6]  Feng Fu,et al.  [A simulation study of electrical impedance scan-imaging based on a phantom]. , 2005, Hang tian yi xue yu yi xue gong cheng = Space medicine & medical engineering.

[7]  R. Anderson,et al.  Electrical Impedance Scanning Used in Addition to Ultrasound for the Verification of Submandibular and Parotid Lesions: Initial Results , 2002, Investigative radiology.

[8]  H. Fricke,et al.  The Electric Capacity of Tumors of the Breast , 1926 .

[9]  T Iritani,et al.  Measurement of the electrical bio-impedance of breast tumors. , 1990, European surgical research. Europaische chirurgische Forschung. Recherches chirurgicales europeennes.

[10]  Zhenyu Guo,et al.  A review of electrical impedance techniques for breast cancer detection. , 2003, Medical engineering & physics.

[11]  Zhenyu Ji,et al.  Multi-frequency parameter mapping of electrical impedance scanning using two kinds of circuit model. , 2007, Physiological measurement.

[12]  R. Burns,et al.  Image-guided breast biopsy. , 1997, American journal of surgery.

[13]  H. D. de Koning,et al.  Efficacy of MRI and mammography for breast-cancer screening in women with a familial or genetic predisposition. , 2004, The New England journal of medicine.

[14]  Sarah Lenington,et al.  Novel EIS postprocessing algorithm for breast cancer diagnosis , 2002, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[15]  T. Helbich,et al.  The Negative Predictive Value of Electrical Impedance Scanning in BI-RADS Category IV Breast Lesions , 2005, Investigative radiology.

[16]  C. W. Smith,et al.  In vivo dielectric spectrometer , 2006, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing.

[17]  S. Wingren,et al.  Incidence and prognosis in early onset breast cancer. , 2002, Breast.

[18]  H. Sittek,et al.  Electrical impedance measurement of the breast: effect of hormonal changes associated with the menstrual cycle , 2000, European Radiology.

[19]  Christine Solbach,et al.  Value of Electrical Impedance Scanning (EIS) in the Evaluation of BI-RADS™ III/IV/V-Lesions , 2005, Technology in cancer research & treatment.

[20]  T. Tong,et al.  Cancer statistics, 1994 , 1994, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

[21]  J Jossinet,et al.  The impedivity of freshly excised human breast tissue , 1998, Physiological measurement.

[22]  David Gur,et al.  Electrical impedance scanning for the early detection of breast cancer in young women: preliminary results of a multicenter prospective clinical trial. , 2005, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[23]  Joachim Böttcher,et al.  Influence of size and depth on accuracy of electrical impedance scanning , 2003, European Radiology.

[24]  N. Dubrawsky.  Cancer statistics , 1989, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

[25]  David Gur,et al.  Electrical impedance scanning as a new breast cancer risk stratification tool for young women , 2008, Journal of surgical oncology.

[26]  Werner A. Kaiser,et al.  Electrical impedance scanning as a new imaging modality in breast cancer detection—a short review of clinical value on breast application, limitations and perspectives , 2003 .

[27]  D. Petitti,et al.  Saving Women's Lives: Strategies for Improving Breast Cancer Detection and Diagnosis , 2005 .

[28]  Volker Barth,et al.  Electropotential measurements as a new diagnostic modality for breast cancer , 1998, The Lancet.

[29]  R. Anderson,et al.  Additional value of electrical impedance scanning: experience of 240 histologically-proven breast lesions. , 2001, European journal of cancer.

[30]  K. Hughes,et al.  The Effectiveness of the Gail Model in Estimating Risk for Development of Breast Cancer in Women Under 40 Years of Age , 2001, The breast journal.

[31]  Claus D Claussen,et al.  Diagnostic Potential of Targeted Electrical Impedance Scanning in Classifying Suspicious Breast Lesions , 2002, Investigative radiology.

[32]  B. Blad,et al.  Impedance spectra of tumour tissue in comparison with normal tissue; a possible clinical application for electrical impedance tomography. , 1996, Physiological measurement.

[33]  J P Morucci,et al.  Ex Vivo Discrimination between Normal and Pathological Tissues in Human Breast Surgical Biopsies Using Bioimpedance Spectroscopy , 1999, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[34]  M. Eisen,et al.  Current imaging modalities for the diagnosis of breast cancer. , 1999, Delaware medical journal.

[35]  P Jack Hoopes,et al.  In vivo EIS characterization of tumour tissue properties is dominated by excess extracellular fluid , 2007, Physics in medicine and biology.

[36]  I. Smith,et al.  Breast cancer in adolescents and young women. , 2003, European journal of cancer.

[37]  T. Boehm,et al.  Electrical impedance scanning for classifying suspicious breast lesions: first results , 2000, European Radiology.