Antifungal activity of the extracts and saponins from Sapindus saponaria L.

Extracts from the dried pericarp of Sapindus saponaria L. (Sapindaceae) fruits were investigated for their antifungal activity against clinical isolates of yeasts Candida albicans and C. non-albicans from vaginal secretions of women with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. Four clinical isolates of C. albicans, a single clinical isolated of each of the species C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and the strain of C. albicans ATCC 90028 were used. The hydroalcoholic extract was bioactivity-directed against a clinical isolate of C. parapsilosis, and showed strong activity. The n-BuOH extract and one fraction showed strong activity against all isolates tested. Further column-chromatography on silica gel separation of this fraction afforded two pure triterpene acetylated saponins: 3-O-(4-acetyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-(1->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-hederagenin (1) and 3-O-(3,4-di-acetyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-(1->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-alpha-L-arabynopyranosyl-hederagenin (2). The structures of the compounds were based on spectral data ((1)H and 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC and MS), and on with literature. The saponins isolated showed strong activity against C. parapsilosis.

[1]  Clinical,et al.  Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts : Approved standard , 2008 .

[2]  E. Rodrigues-Filho,et al.  Dereplication of glycosides from Sapindus saponaria using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry , 2006 .

[3]  Lan Yan,et al.  In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of the eight steroid saponins from Tribulus terrestris L. with potent activity against fluconazole- resistant fungal. , 2005 .

[4]  L. Rainford,et al.  The epidemiology of mycotic vulvovaginitis and the use of antifungal agents in suspected mycotic vulvovaginitis and its implications for clinical practice. , 2005, The West Indian medical journal.

[5]  Sandra S. Richter,et al.  Antifungal Susceptibilities of Candida Species Causing Vulvovaginitis and Epidemiology of Recurrent Cases , 2005, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[6]  A. Sartoratto,et al.  Anti-Candida activity of Brazilian medicinal plants. , 2005, Journal of ethnopharmacology.

[7]  Eliana Guilhermetti,et al.  In vitro activity of antifungal agents on yeasts isolated from vaginal secretion , 2004 .

[8]  N. Zhu,et al.  Two new antifungal saponins from the Tibetan herbal medicine Clematis tangutica. , 2003, Planta medica.

[9]  S. López,et al.  Isolation of antifungal saponins from Phytolacca tetramera, an Argentinean species in critic risk. , 2002, Journal of ethnopharmacology.

[10]  E. M. Bacchi,et al.  Antiulcer activity of Sapindus saponaria L. in the rat. , 2002, Journal of ethnopharmacology.

[11]  I. Chinou,et al.  Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of two Origanum species. , 2001, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[12]  S. U. Kim,et al.  Antifungal activity of modified hederagenin glycosides from the leaves of Kalopanax pictum var. chinense. , 2001, Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin.

[13]  V. Bolzani,et al.  New Tetra-acetylated Oligosaccharide Diterpene from Cupania vernalis , 2001 .

[14]  I. Ahmad,et al.  Antimicrobial and phytochemical studies on 45 Indian medicinal plants against multi-drug resistant human pathogens. , 2001, Journal of ethnopharmacology.

[15]  J. Sobel,et al.  Role of antifungal drug resistance in the pathogenesis of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. , 1996, Journal of medical and veterinary mycology : bi-monthly publication of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology.

[16]  N. Farnsworth,et al.  Antifungal and molluscicidal saponins from Serjania salzmanniana. , 1996, Journal of natural products.

[17]  K. Hostettmann,et al.  Molluscicidal saponins from the pericarp of Sapindus saponaria , 1995 .

[18]  D. Larone.  Medically important fungi , 1994 .

[19]  G. L. Cruz,et al.  Dicionário das plantas úteis do Brasil , 1979 .

[20]  Yvonne M Clayton,et al.  Book Review: Medically Important Fungi: A Guide to Identification , 1977 .

[21]  D. Larone.  Medically Important Fungi: A Guide to Identification , 1976 .

[22]  M. P. Corrêa.  Diccionário das plantas úteis do Brasil e das exóticas cultivadas , 1931 .