Analogue sampled-data signal processing for VLSI using switched currents

Process parameters, particularly threshold voltage, will be chosen to optimise digital performance, and the performance of the op amps and analogue switches required to operate in the voltage domain will suffer. So, future analogue circuits for VLSI applications face both economic and technical difficulties, and this paper offers a solution using a new analogue sampled-data technique, called switched currents, requiring only a baseline digital process and avoiding many of the anticipated low voltage problems by operating in the current domain.