Memory CD8 T-Cell Differentiation during Viral Infection

Memory CD8 T cells are an important component of protective immunity against viral infections, and understanding their development will aid in the design of optimal vaccines. Recent work has shed light on the complex differentiation process that occurs during a CD8 T-cell response to viral infection

[1]  E. Wherry,et al.  Selective expression of the interleukin 7 receptor identifies effector CD8 T cells that give rise to long-lived memory cells , 2003, Nature Immunology.

[2]  Luis Villarreal,et al.  Cutting Edge: Long-Term B Cell Memory in Humans after Smallpox Vaccination 1 , 2003, The Journal of Immunology.

[3]  Charles R. Brown,et al.  High Frequency of Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells in the Central Nervous System of Macaques Chronically Infected with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac251 , 2003, Journal of Virology.

[4]  Charles M. Rice,et al.  HCV Persistence and Immune Evasion in the Absence of Memory T Cell Help , 2003, Science.

[5]  Alessandro Sette,et al.  Changing immunodominance patterns in antiviral CD8 T-cell responses after loss of epitope presentation or chronic antigenic stimulation. , 2003, Virology.

[6]  J. Blattman,et al.  Restoration of CD28 Expression in CD28− CD8+ Memory Effector T Cells Reconstitutes Antigen-induced IL-2 Production , 2003, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[7]  S. Hansen,et al.  Duration of antiviral immunity after smallpox vaccination , 2003, Nature Medicine.

[8]  E. Wherry,et al.  Cutting Edge: Rapid In Vivo Killing by Memory CD8 T Cells1 , 2003, The Journal of Immunology.

[9]  Anthony M. Byers,et al.  Cutting Edge: Rapid In Vivo CTL Activity by Polyoma Virus-Specific Effector and Memory CD8+ T Cells1 , 2003, The Journal of Immunology.

[10]  T. Hirst,et al.  Protection against Recurrent Ocular Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Disease after Therapeutic Vaccination of Latently Infected Mice , 2003, Journal of Virology.

[11]  R. Dutton,et al.  Heterogeneity of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. , 2003, Current opinion in immunology.

[12]  E. Wherry,et al.  Viral Persistence Alters CD8 T-Cell Immunodominance and Tissue Distribution and Results in Distinct Stages of Functional Impairment , 2003, Journal of Virology.

[13]  M. Bevan,et al.  Defective CD8 T Cell Memory Following Acute Infection Without CD4 T Cell Help , 2003, Science.

[14]  Hao Shen,et al.  Requirement for CD4 T Cell Help in Generating Functional CD8 T Cell Memory , 2003, Science.

[15]  B. Dikici,et al.  Therapeutic vaccination in the immunotolerant phase of children with chronic hepatitis B infection , 2003, The Pediatric infectious disease journal.

[16]  H. Maecker,et al.  Analysis of the frequencies and of the memory T cell phenotypes of human CD8+ T cells specific for influenza A viruses. , 2003, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[17]  Nitin J. Karandikar,et al.  Expression of CD57 defines replicative senescence and antigen-induced apoptotic death of CD8+ T cells. , 2003, Blood.

[18]  D. Nixon,et al.  CD7 Is a Differentiation Marker That Identifies Multiple CD8 T Cell Effector Subsets1 , 2003, The Journal of Immunology.

[19]  J. Altman,et al.  Immediate Early Effector Functions of Virus-Specific CD8+CCR7+ Memory Cells in Humans Defined by HLA and CC Chemokine Ligand 19 Tetramers1 , 2003, The Journal of Immunology.

[20]  Rustom Antia,et al.  Lineage relationship and protective immunity of memory CD8 T cell subsets , 2003, Nature Immunology.

[21]  Urs Christen,et al.  CD4+ T cells are required for secondary expansion and memory in CD8+ T lymphocytes , 2003, Nature.

[22]  A. Cumano,et al.  The repertoires of circulating human CD8(+) central and effector memory T cell subsets are largely distinct. , 2003, Immunity.

[23]  J. Shiver,et al.  Antigen burden is major determinant of human immunodeficiency virus-specific CD8+ T cell maturation state: potential implications for therapeutic immunization. , 2003, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[24]  A. Zajac,et al.  Ablation of CD8 and CD4 T Cell Responses by High Viral Loads1 , 2003, The Journal of Immunology.

[25]  M. Callan The evolution of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses after natural primary infection of humans with Epstein-Barr virus. , 2003, Viral immunology.

[26]  W. Lu,et al.  Therapeutic dendritic-cell vaccine for simian AIDS , 2003, Nature Medicine.

[27]  I. N. Crispe,et al.  Hepatic T cells and liver tolerance , 2003, Nature Reviews Immunology.

[28]  M. Massari,et al.  Virus-Specific CD8+ Lymphocytes Share the Same Effector-Memory Phenotype but Exhibit Functional Differences in Acute Hepatitis B and C , 2002, Journal of Virology.

[29]  Susan M. Kaech,et al.  Molecular and Functional Profiling of Memory CD8 T Cell Differentiation , 2002, Cell.

[30]  HIV-1 superinfection despite broad CD8+ T-cell responses containing replication of the primary virus , 2002, Nature.

[31]  R. Ahmed,et al.  Cutting Edge: Persistent Viral Infection Prevents Tolerance Induction and Escapes Immune Control Following CD28/CD40 Blockade-Based Regimen1 , 2002, The Journal of Immunology.

[32]  D. Montefiori,et al.  Vaccination of Macaques with Long-Standing SIVmac251 Infection Lowers the Viral Set Point After Cessation of Antiretroviral Therapy1 , 2002, The Journal of Immunology.

[33]  C. Hallahan,et al.  HIV-specific CD8+ T cell proliferation is coupled to perforin expression and is maintained in nonprogressors , 2002, Nature Immunology.

[34]  J. Trojan,et al.  Immunological monitoring during therapeutic vaccination as a prerequisite for the design of new effective therapies: induction of a vaccine-specific CD4+ T-cell proliferative response in chronic hepatitis B carriers. , 2002, Vaccine.

[35]  T. L. Keadle,et al.  Therapeutic vaccination with vhs(-) herpes simplex virus reduces the severity of recurrent herpetic stromal keratitis in mice. , 2002, The Journal of general virology.

[36]  B. Rocha,et al.  A Role for CD40 Expression on CD8+ T Cells in the Generation of CD8+ T Cell Memory , 2002, Science.

[37]  J. Hoofnagle,et al.  Impaired Effector Function of Hepatitis C Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection1 , 2002, The Journal of Immunology.

[38]  A. Samri,et al.  A patient with HIV-1 superinfection. , 2002, The New England journal of medicine.

[39]  F. Ennis,et al.  Long-lived Memory T Lymphocyte Responses After Hantavirus Infection , 2002, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[40]  J. Christensen,et al.  High numbers of IL-2-producing CD8+ T cells during viral infection: correlation with stable memory development. , 2002, The Journal of general virology.

[41]  A. Sette,et al.  Immunogenicity and Tolerogenicity of Hepatitis B Virus Structural and Nonstructural Proteins: Implications for Immunotherapy of Persistent Viral Infections , 2002, Journal of Virology.

[42]  L. Lefrançois,et al.  T cell immunity in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues. , 2002, Current opinion in immunology.

[43]  Stewart Shuman,et al.  What messenger RNA capping tells us about eukaryotic evolution , 2002, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology.

[44]  D. Voehringer,et al.  Cutting Edge: CCR7+ and CCR7− Memory T Cells Do Not Differ in Immediate Effector Cell Function1 , 2002, The Journal of Immunology.

[45]  J. Harty,et al.  Programmed contraction of CD8+ T cells after infection , 2002, Nature Immunology.

[46]  C. Benoist,et al.  Cytokine Requirements for Acute and Basal Homeostatic Proliferation of Naive and Memory CD8+ T Cells , 2002, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[47]  J. Sprent,et al.  Overexpression of Interleukin (IL)-7 Leads to IL-15–independent Generation of Memory Phenotype CD8+ T Cells , 2002, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[48]  E. Wherry,et al.  Interleukin 15 Is Required for Proliferative Renewal of Virus-specific Memory CD8 T Cells , 2002, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[49]  J. Sprent,et al.  Interleukin (IL)-15 and IL-7 Jointly Regulate Homeostatic Proliferation of Memory Phenotype CD8+ Cells but Are Not Required for Memory Phenotype CD4+ Cells , 2002, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[50]  M. Takiguchi,et al.  Differentiation of Human CD8+ T Cells from a Memory to Memory/Effector Phenotype1 , 2002, The Journal of Immunology.

[51]  M. Weekes,et al.  Identification of Naive or Antigen-Experienced Human CD8+ T Cells by Expression of Costimulation and Chemokine Receptors: Analysis of the Human Cytomegalovirus-Specific CD8+ T Cell Response1 , 2002, The Journal of Immunology.

[52]  L. Lefrançois,et al.  Cutting Edge: Requirement for IL-15 in the Generation of Primary and Memory Antigen-Specific CD8 T Cells1 , 2002, The Journal of Immunology.

[53]  P. Doherty,et al.  Reduced Functional Capacity of CD8+ T Cells Expanded by Post-Exposure Vaccination of γ-Herpesvirus-Infected CD4-Deficient Mice1 , 2002, The Journal of Immunology.

[54]  D. Richman,et al.  Memory CD8+ T cells vary in differentiation phenotype in different persistent virus infections , 2002, Nature Medicine.

[55]  Rustom Antia,et al.  Estimating the Precursor Frequency of Naive Antigen-specific CD8 T Cells , 2002, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[56]  M. Mulligan,et al.  Magnitude of Functional CD8+ T-Cell Responses to the Gag Protein of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Correlates Inversely with Viral Load in Plasma , 2002, Journal of Virology.

[57]  D. Moskophidis,et al.  Critical Role for Perforin-, Fas/FasL-, and TNFR1-Mediated Cytotoxic Pathways in Down-Regulation of Antigen-Specific T Cells during Persistent Viral Infection , 2002, Journal of Virology.

[58]  J. Schmitz,et al.  Vaccine Protection Against Functional CTL Abnormalities in Simian Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rhesus Monkeys1 , 2002, The Journal of Immunology.

[59]  Susan M. Kaech,et al.  Effector and memory T-cell differentiation: implications for vaccine development. Nat Rev Immunol. , 2002 .

[60]  M. Wills,et al.  Human cytomegalovirus and immunopathology , 2002, Springer Seminars in Immunopathology.

[61]  A. Hughes,et al.  The outcome of hepatitis C virus infection is predicted by escape mutations in epitopes targeted by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. , 2001, Immunity.

[62]  A. McMichael,et al.  Virus infections: escape, resistance, and counterattack. , 2001, Immunity.

[63]  J. Altman,et al.  Role of CD28-B7 Interactions in Generation and Maintenance of CD8 T Cell Memory , 2001, The Journal of Immunology.

[64]  Todd M. Allen,et al.  Understanding cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte escape during simian immunodeficiency virus infection , 2001, Immunological reviews.

[65]  Wolfgang Weninger,et al.  Migratory Properties of Naive, Effector, and Memory Cd8+ T Cells , 2001, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[66]  J. Lieberman,et al.  Dressed to kill? A review of why antiviral CD8 T lymphocytes fail to prevent progressive immunodeficiency in HIV-1 infection. , 2001, Blood.

[67]  J. Lieberman,et al.  Effector differentiation is not prerequisite for generation of memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes. , 2001, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[68]  S. Ehl,et al.  Long‐term persistence and reactivation of T cell memory in the lung of mice infected with respiratory syncytial virus , 2001, European journal of immunology.

[69]  J. Stewart,et al.  Latent Antigen Vaccination in a Model Gammaherpesvirus Infection , 2001, Journal of Virology.

[70]  P. Moss,et al.  Memory T Cells Constitute a Subset of the Human CD8+CD45RA+ Pool with Distinct Phenotypic and Migratory Characteristics1 , 2001, The Journal of Immunology.

[71]  D. Baarle,et al.  Dysfunctional Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific CD8(+) T lymphocytes and increased EBV load in HIV-1 infected individuals progressing to AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma. , 2001, Blood.

[72]  D. Nixon,et al.  Functional Heterogeneity of Cytokines and Cytolytic Effector Molecules in Human CD8+ T Lymphocytes1 , 2001, The Journal of Immunology.

[73]  B. Walker,et al.  Sustained Dysfunction of Antiviral CD8+ T Lymphocytes after Infection with Hepatitis C Virus , 2001, Journal of Virology.

[74]  S. Kalams,et al.  Persistence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Clones in a Subject with Rapid Disease Progression , 2001, Journal of Virology.

[75]  Eric G. Pamer,et al.  Cutting Edge: Antigen-Independent CD8 T Cell Proliferation , 2001, The Journal of Immunology.

[76]  Stephen P. Schoenberger,et al.  Naïve CTLs require a single brief period of antigenic stimulation for clonal expansion and differentiation , 2001, Nature Immunology.

[77]  Susan M. Kaech,et al.  Memory CD8+ T cell differentiation: initial antigen encounter triggers a developmental program in naïve cells , 2001, Nature Immunology.

[78]  S. Rowland-Jones,et al.  Cellular immune responses to HIV , 2001, Nature.

[79]  M. Ostrowski,et al.  Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Infection of a Rhesus Macaque Induces SIV-Specific CD8+ T Cells with a Defect in Effector Function That Is Reversible on Extended Interleukin-2 Incubation , 2001, Journal of Virology.

[80]  J. Altman,et al.  Antiviral Cd8+ T Cell Responses in Neonatal Mice , 2001, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[81]  Stefan Kostense,et al.  High viral burden in the presence of major HIV‐specific CD8+ T cell expansions: evidence for impaired CTL effector function , 2001, European journal of immunology.

[82]  Todd M. Allen,et al.  Functional Impairment of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells during the Chronic Phase of Infection , 2001, Journal of Virology.

[83]  S. Rowland-Jones,et al.  Skewed maturation of memory HIV-specific CD8 T lymphocytes , 2001, Nature.

[84]  L. Lefrançois,et al.  Preferential Localization of Effector Memory Cells in Nonlymphoid Tissue , 2001, Science.

[85]  Eric J. Kunkel,et al.  CCR7 Expression and Memory T Cell Diversity in Humans1 , 2001, The Journal of Immunology.

[86]  J. Altman,et al.  Gene Expression in Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells During Viral Infection1 , 2001, The Journal of Immunology.

[87]  J. Altman,et al.  Role of CD 28B 7 Interactions in Generation and Maintenance of CD 8 T Cell Memory , 2001 .

[88]  Eric G. Pamer,et al.  Early Programming of T Cell Populations Responding to Bacterial Infection1 , 2000, The Journal of Immunology.

[89]  M. Mulligan,et al.  A Significant Number of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epitope-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Detected by Tetramer Binding Do Not Produce Gamma Interferon , 2000, Journal of Virology.

[90]  A. Hamann,et al.  Activation induces rapid and profound alterations in the trafficking of T cells , 2000, European journal of immunology.

[91]  S. Jameson,et al.  Interleukin-7 mediates the homeostasis of naïve and memory CD8 T cells in vivo , 2000, Nature Immunology.

[92]  J. Lieberman,et al.  Impaired function of circulating HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells in chronic human immunodeficiency virus infection. , 2000, Blood.

[93]  D. Watkins,et al.  Viremia control following antiretroviral treatment and therapeutic immunization during primary SIV251 infection of macaques , 2000, Nature Medicine.

[94]  J. Bell,et al.  Functional Heterogeneity and High Frequencies of Cytomegalovirus-Specific CD8+ T Lymphocytes in Healthy Seropositive Donors , 2000, Journal of Virology.

[95]  M. Altfeld,et al.  The role of CD4(+) T helper cells in the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to HIV-1. , 2000, Current opinion in immunology.

[96]  Douglas D. Richman,et al.  HIV-Specific Cd8+ T Cells Produce Antiviral Cytokines but Are Impaired in Cytolytic Function , 2000, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[97]  L. Tussey,et al.  Functionally distinct CD8+ memory T cell subsets in persistent EBV infection are differentiated by migratory receptor expression , 2000, European journal of immunology.

[98]  B. Walker,et al.  Analysis of Successful Immune Responses in Persons Infected with Hepatitis C Virus , 2000, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[99]  J. Altman,et al.  Cutting Edge: Increased Expression of Bcl-2 in Antigen-Specific Memory CD8+ T Cells1 , 2000, The Journal of Immunology.

[100]  Guido Gerken,et al.  Local control of the immune response in the liver , 2000, Immunological reviews.

[101]  A. Sette,et al.  Vaccination to treat persistent viral infection , 2000, Virology.

[102]  A. Sette,et al.  4-1BB Costimulation Is Required for Protective Anti-Viral Immunity After Peptide Vaccination1 , 2000, The Journal of Immunology.

[103]  H. Favoreel,et al.  Immunological hiding of herpesvirus-infected cells , 2000, Archives of Virology.

[104]  A. Cerwenka,et al.  Naive, effector, and memory CD8 T cells in protection against pulmonary influenza virus infection: homing properties rather than initial frequencies are crucial. , 1999, Journal of immunology.

[105]  J. Altman,et al.  Persistence of memory CD8 T cells in MHC class I-deficient mice. , 1999, Science.

[106]  A. Casrouge,et al.  A Direct Estimate of the Human αβ T Cell Receptor Diversity , 1999 .

[107]  F. Sallusto,et al.  Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions , 1999, Nature.

[108]  R. Ahmed,et al.  CD40-CD40 ligand costimulation is required for generating antiviral CD4 T cell responses but is dispensable for CD8 T cell responses. , 1999, Journal of immunology.

[109]  J. Altman,et al.  Inverted immunodominance and impaired cytolytic function of CD8+ T cells during viral persistence in the central nervous system. , 1999, Journal of immunology.

[110]  J. Altman,et al.  Functionally Heterogeneous CD8+ T-Cell Memory Is Induced by Sendai Virus Infection of Mice , 1999, Journal of Virology.

[111]  Mario Roederer,et al.  Characterization of circulating T cells specific for tumor-associated antigens in melanoma patients , 1999, Nature Medicine.

[112]  M. Davis,et al.  Quantitative analysis of hepatitis C virus-specific CD8(+) T cells in peripheral blood and liver using peptide-MHC tetramers. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[113]  A. Arvin,et al.  Varicella‐zoster virus immune evasion , 1999, Immunological reviews.

[114]  H. Eisen,et al.  Functional differences between memory and naive CD8 T cells. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[115]  J. Opferman,et al.  Linear differentiation of cytotoxic effectors into memory T lymphocytes. , 1999, Science.

[116]  G. Gerken,et al.  The presence of high amounts of HBV-DNA in serum is associated with suppressed costimulatory effects of interleukin 12 on HBV-induced immune response. , 1999, Journal of hepatology.

[117]  M. Bachmann,et al.  Distinct kinetics of cytokine production and cytolysis in effector and memory T cells after viral infection , 1999, European journal of immunology.

[118]  A. Casrouge,et al.  A direct estimate of the human alphabeta T cell receptor diversity. , 1999, Science.

[119]  J. Altman,et al.  Viral Immune Evasion Due to Persistence of Activated T Cells Without Effector Function , 1998, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[120]  Spyros A. Kalams,et al.  The Critical Need for CD4 Help in Maintaining Effective Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses , 1998, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[121]  S Oehen,et al.  Differentiation of naive CTL to effector and memory CTL: correlation of effector function with phenotype and cell division. , 1998, Journal of immunology.

[122]  E. Jaffee,et al.  Direct visualization of antigen-specific T cells: HTLV-1 Tax11-19- specific CD8(+) T cells are activated in peripheral blood and accumulate in cerebrospinal fluid from HAM/TSP patients. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[123]  Polly Matzinger,et al.  A conditioned dendritic cell can be a temporal bridge between a CD4+ T-helper and a T-killer cell , 1998, Nature.

[124]  Richard A. Flavell,et al.  Help for cytotoxic-T-cell responses is mediated by CD40 signalling , 1998, Nature.

[125]  Stephen P. Schoenberger,et al.  T-cell help for cytotoxic T lymphocytes is mediated by CD40–CD40L interactions , 1998, Nature.

[126]  R. Ahmed,et al.  CD4+ and CD8+ T cell interactions in IFN-gamma and IL-4 responses to viral infections: requirements for IL-2. , 1998, Journal of immunology.

[127]  R. Zinkernagel,et al.  Induction and Exhaustion of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus–specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Visualized Using Soluble Tetrameric Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I–Peptide Complexes , 1998, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[128]  G. Ogg,et al.  Direct Visualization of Antigen-specific CD8+T Cells during the Primary Immune Response to Epstein-Barr Virus In Vivo , 1998, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[129]  J. Altman,et al.  Counting antigen-specific CD8 T cells: a reevaluation of bystander activation during viral infection. , 1998, Immunity.

[130]  M. Rep,et al.  Phenotypic and Functional Separation of Memory and Effector Human CD8+ T Cells , 1997, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[131]  A. McMichael,et al.  Rapid Effector Function in CD8+ Memory T Cells , 1997, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[132]  D. Moss,et al.  Human cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to Epstein-Barr virus infection. , 1997, Annual review of immunology.

[133]  Philip J. R. Goulder,et al.  Phenotypic Analysis of Antigen-Specific T Lymphocytes , 1996, Science.

[134]  P. Doherty,et al.  Progressive loss of CD8+ T cell-mediated control of a gamma-herpesvirus in the absence of CD4+ T cells , 1996, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[135]  A. Rickinson,et al.  Cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to Epstein-Barr virus. , 1996, Current opinion in immunology.

[136]  S. Man Human cytotoxic T-cell memory: long-lived responses to vaccinia virus , 1996 .

[137]  F. Ennis,et al.  Human cytotoxic T-cell memory: long-lived responses to vaccinia virus , 1996, Journal of virology.

[138]  P. Doherty,et al.  Temporal loss of the activated L-selectin-low phenotype for virus-specific CD8+ memory T cells. , 1995, Journal of immunology.

[139]  R. Welsh,et al.  In vivo state of antiviral CTL precursors. Characterization of a cycling cell population containing CTL precursors in immune mice. , 1995, Journal of immunology.

[140]  F. Chisari,et al.  Hepatitis B virus immunopathogenesis. , 1995, Annual review of immunology.

[141]  R. Ahmed,et al.  CD4+ T cells are required to sustain CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell responses during chronic viral infection , 1994, Journal of virology.

[142]  R. Zinkernagel,et al.  Enhanced establishment of a virus carrier state in adult CD4+ T-cell-deficient mice , 1994, Journal of virology.

[143]  R. Ahmed,et al.  Cytotoxic T-cell memory without antigen , 1994, Nature.

[144]  J. Sissons,et al.  Cytotoxic T cells and human herpes virus infections. , 1994, Current topics in microbiology and immunology.

[145]  J. Bonner,et al.  Differentiation , 1968, Nature.