The Influence of Coupled Sea Surface Temperatures on the Madden–Julian Oscillation: A Model Perturbation Experiment

Abstract In this study, the authors compare the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) variability in the Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres atmospheric general circulation model for two different sea surface temperature (SST) boundary conditions. In the “control” simulation, the model employs specified annual cycle SSTs. In the “coupled” simulation, the model employs the same annual cycle SSTs but in addition is coupled to a slab ocean mixed layer that provides prognostic SST anomalies equatorward of 24°. The results show that the simplified interactive SST facilitates a better simulation with respect to a number of general model shortcomings associated with the MJO that were recently documented by Slingo et al. in an Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project study. These improvements include 1) increased variability associated with the MJO, 2) a tendency for the timescales of the modeled intraseasonal variability to more closely match and consolidate around the timescales found in the observations, 3) a reduce...

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