Variable latencies of noisy signals: Estimation and testing in brain potential data

SUMMARY The electric response of the brain related to some event, i.e. stimulus, is usually estimated by repeated stimulation and subsequent averaging of the activity recorded time-locked to the stimulus. The present paper deals with the model that the single responses may have varying latency, i.e. arrival time, after stimulus onset. For estimating the single latencies, a maximum likelihood approach employing iterative Fisher-scoring is developed. Further a statistic for testing on the presence of latency variation is derived. Simulations and real data applications are discussed.