Nonlinearities in semiconductor laser amplifiers

This review discusses the physical mechanisms of absorptive and dispersive nonlinearity in amplifiers resulting from interband and intraband electron transitions, with an assessment of the relative strengths and response times of these nonlinearities. Where appropriate, the potential applications of these nonlinearities in optical networks are also indicated.

[1]  L. Thylen,et al.  Directional coupler switches with optical gain , 1986 .

[2]  Tetsuya Nakai,et al.  Optical Bistability in a Semiconductor Laser Amplifier , 1983 .

[3]  Kerry J. Vahala,et al.  Terahertz four‐wave mixing spectroscopy for study of ultrafast dynamics in a semiconductor optical amplifier , 1993 .

[4]  Paul R. Prucnal,et al.  Demonstration of all-optical demultiplexing of TDM data at 250Gbit/s , 1994 .

[5]  Kyo Inoue,et al.  Nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in a traveling-wave semiconductor laser amplifier , 1987 .

[6]  Robert J. Manning,et al.  20 Gbit/s wavelength conversion using semiconductor nonlinearity , 1994 .

[7]  H. Wenzel,et al.  Theory of selfpulsations in two-section DFB lasers , 1993, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[8]  H.J. Wickes,et al.  All-optical clock recovery from 5 Gb/s RZ data using a self-pulsating 1.56 mu m laser diode , 1991, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[9]  Akira Suzuki,et al.  An experiment on high-speed optical time-division switching , 1986 .

[10]  J. Mark,et al.  Subpicosecond gain dynamics in InGaAsP optical amplifiers: Experiment and theory , 1992 .

[11]  I. Glesk,et al.  Performance of a 50 Gbit/s optical time domain multiplexed system using a terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer , 1994, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[12]  W. Sibbett,et al.  Ultrafast nonlinear refraction in an active MQW waveguide , 1993, Photonics in Switching.

[13]  C. Henry Theory of the linewidth of semiconductor lasers , 1982 .

[14]  A. Bogatov,et al.  Anomalous interaction of spectral modes in a semiconductor laser , 1975 .

[15]  W. J. Duncan,et al.  Twin-ridge laser amplifier crosspoint switch , 1989 .

[16]  A. Suzuki,et al.  THz optical-frequency conversion of 1 Gb/s-signals using highly nondegenerate four-wave mixing in an InGaAsP semiconductor laser , 1991, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[17]  Erich P. Ippen,et al.  Ultrafast refractive index dynamics in AlGaAs diode laser amplifiers , 1991 .

[18]  G. Eisenstein,et al.  Short pulse gain saturation in InGaAsP diode laser amplifiers , 1990, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[19]  Optical switching in the twin-guide Fabry-Perot laser amplifier , 1990 .

[20]  A. Ellis,et al.  Compact 40Gbit/s optical demultiplexer using a GaInAsP optical amplifier , 1993 .

[21]  M. Willatzen,et al.  CARRIER TEMPERATURE AND SPECTRAL HOLEBURNING DYNAMICS IN INGAASP QUANTUM WELL LASER AMPLIFIERS , 1994 .

[22]  U. Hilbk,et al.  Polarization insensitive frequency conversion of a 10-channel OFDM signal using four-wave-mixing in a semiconductor laser amplifier , 1994, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[23]  A Yariv,et al.  Compensation for channel dispersion by nonlinear optical phase conjugation. , 1979, Optics letters.

[24]  Hiroshi Yasaka,et al.  Tunable optical-wavelength conversion using a multielectrode distributed-feedback laser diode with a saturable absorber , 1987 .

[25]  P. Barnsley,et al.  All-optical clock extraction using two-contact devices , 1993 .

[26]  D. M. Spirit,et al.  Transmission of 10 Gbit/s directly modulated DFB signals over 200 km standard fibre using mid-span spectral inversion , 1994 .

[27]  B. Glance,et al.  Wavelength conversion at 10 Gb/s using a semiconductor optical amplifier , 1993, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[28]  Wilson Sibbett,et al.  Nonlinear switching in InGaAsP laser amplifier directional couplers biased at transparency , 1993 .

[29]  Wilson Sibbett,et al.  Observations of ultrafast nonlinear refraction in an InGaAsP optical amplifier , 1991 .

[30]  Roy Lang,et al.  Conditions for self-sustained pulsation and bistability in semiconductor lasers , 1985 .

[31]  L. F. Tiemeijer,et al.  Effects of nonlinear gain on four‐wave mixing and asymmetric gain saturation in a semiconductor laser amplifier , 1991 .

[32]  J. P. Sokoloff,et al.  A terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD) , 1993, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[33]  Govind P. Agrawal,et al.  Highly nondegenerate four‐wave mixing in semiconductor lasers due to spectral hole burning , 1987 .

[34]  Takaaki Mukai,et al.  Gain saturation characteristics of traveling-wave semiconductor laser amplifiers in short optical pulse amplification , 1990 .

[35]  I. Henning,et al.  A comparison of active and passive optical bistability in semiconductors , 1985, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.

[36]  N. Storkfelt,et al.  Measurement of carrier lifetime and linewidth enhancement factor for 1.5- mu m ridge-waveguide laser amplifier , 1991, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[37]  R. Manning,et al.  20 Gbit/s all-optical clock recovery using semiconductor nonlinearity , 1994 .

[38]  K. Inoue Observation of crosstalk due to four-wave mixing in a laser amplifier for FDM transmission , 1987 .

[39]  G. Sherlock,et al.  20-nm optical wavelength conversion using nondegenerate four-wave mixing , 1993, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[40]  B. Mikkelsen,et al.  4 Gb/s optical wavelength conversion using semiconductor optical amplifiers , 1993, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[41]  R. Hui,et al.  Dynamics of optically switched bistable laser diodes in the injection-locked state. , 1993, Optics letters.

[42]  Masahiko Jinno,et al.  All-optical timing extraction using a 1.5 mu m self pulsating multielectrode DFB LD , 1988 .

[43]  N. Olsson,et al.  Self-phase modulation and spectral broadening of optical pulses in semiconductor laser amplifiers , 1989 .

[44]  Hitoshi Kawaguchi,et al.  Bistable operation of semiconductor lasers by optical injection , 1981 .

[45]  Takashi Matsuoka,et al.  Bistable output characteristics in semiconductor laser injection locking , 1985 .

[46]  M. C. Tatham,et al.  Compensation fibre chromatic dispersion by optical phase conjugation in a semiconductor laser amplifier , 1993 .

[47]  J C Connolly,et al.  Optical bistability in asymmetric Fabry-Perot laser-diode amplifiers. , 1994, Optics letters.

[48]  R. Manning,et al.  Three-wavelength device for all-optical signal processing. , 1994, Optics letters.

[49]  Jian Liu,et al.  Optical switching by saturation-induced phase changes in an active directional coupler , 1987 .

[50]  G. Lasher,et al.  Analysis of a proposed bistable injection laser , 1964 .

[51]  P. J. Fiddyment,et al.  Wavelength conversion from 1.3 to 1.55 mu m using split contact optical amplifiers , 1991, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[52]  A. Jourdan,et al.  High performance optical wavelength shifter , 1992 .

[53]  Mario Dagenais,et al.  Room‐temperature optical bistability in InGaAsP/InP amplifiers and implications for passive devices , 1985 .

[54]  Peter J. Delfyett,et al.  Hot‐carrier thermalization induced self‐phase modulation in semiconductor traveling wave amplifiers , 1991 .

[55]  K. Weich,et al.  Fast all-optical switching using two-section injection-locked semiconductor lasers , 1994 .

[56]  A. O'neill,et al.  All-optical loop mirror switch employing an asymmetric amplifier/attenuator combination , 1990 .

[57]  M. Eiselt,et al.  Optical loop mirror with semiconductor laser amplifier , 1992 .

[58]  U. Koren,et al.  Carrier heating and spectral hole burning in strained-layer quantum-well laser amplifiers at 1.5 μm , 1992 .

[59]  R. E. Tench,et al.  Measurement of carrier-density mediated intermodulation distortion in an optical amplifier , 1987 .

[60]  J. Mork,et al.  Theory of short-pulse gain saturation in semiconductor laser amplifiers , 1992, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[61]  Gadi Eisenstein,et al.  Femtosecond gain dynamics in InGaAsP optical amplifiers , 1990 .

[62]  D. Cotter,et al.  Enhanced recovery rates in semiconductor laser amplifiers using optical pumping , 1994 .

[63]  Robert Frey,et al.  Intracavity nearly degenerate four‐wave mixing in a (GaAl)As semiconductor laser , 1985 .

[64]  Kenju Otsuka,et al.  Optical bistability and nonlinear resonance in a resonant-type semiconductor laser amplifier , 1983 .

[65]  Michael J. Adams,et al.  Optical amplifier bistability on reflection , 1987 .

[66]  S. G. Lee,et al.  Subpicosecond switching in a current injected GaAs/AlGaAs multiple‐quantum‐well nonlinear directional coupler , 1994 .

[67]  M. J. O'Mahony,et al.  Assessment of switching speed of optical bistability in semiconductor laser amplifiers , 1986 .

[68]  G. Grosskopf,et al.  140 Mbit/s DPSK transmission using an all-optical frequency convertor with a 4000 GHz conversion range , 1988 .

[69]  E. Wright,et al.  Ultrashort pulse self-switching in coupled-semiconductor traveling-wave amplifiers , 1991 .

[70]  S. M. Jensen The Nonlinear Coherent Coupler , 1982 .

[71]  Gregory Raybon,et al.  BER measurements of frequency converted signals using four-wave mixing in a semiconductor laser amplifier at 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 Gbit/s , 1994 .

[72]  W. Pieper,et al.  Decision gate for all-optical data retiming using a semiconductor laser amplifier in a loop mirror configuration , 1993 .

[73]  G P Agrawal,et al.  Four-wave mixing and phase conjugation in semiconductor laser media. , 1987, Optics letters.

[74]  M. Saruwatari,et al.  Error-free demultiplexing of 160 Gbit/s pulse signal using optical loop mirror including semiconductor laser amplifier , 1994 .

[75]  H. Kawaguchi Progress in optical functional devices using two-section laser diodes/amplifiers , 1993 .

[76]  Bernard Glance,et al.  Bit error rate performance for wavelength conversion at 20 Gbit/s , 1994 .

[77]  Katsumi Iwatsuki,et al.  160 Gbit/s single polarisation subpicosecond transform limited pulse signal demultiplexing using ultrafast optical loop mirror including MQW travelling wave semiconductor laser amplifier , 1994 .

[78]  G. Thompson,et al.  A theory for filamentation in semiconductor lasers including the dependence of dielectric constant on injected carrier density , 1972 .

[79]  U. Koren,et al.  Femtosecond index nonlinearities in InGaAsP optical amplifiers , 1993 .

[80]  W. Pieper,et al.  One million pulse circulations in a fiber ring using a SLALOM for pulse shaping and noise reduction , 1993, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.