Flow in pipes

This chapter describes a method of expressing the loss of fluids using an average flow velocity. Based on this understanding, it explains how to express losses caused by a change in the crosssectional area of a pipe, a pipe bend and a valve, in addition to the frictional loss of a pipe. In studying the flow in the region where the velocity distribution is fully developed after passing through the inlet region, the chapter provides the Darcy-Weisbach equation. It also provides equations for the laminar flow and the turbulent flow. In a pipeline, in addition to frictional loss, head loss is produced through additional turbulence arising when fluid flows through such components as change of area, change of direction, branching, junction, bend, and valve. The chapter provides the equation that is generally used for expressing the loss head for such cases. The chapter also provides an understanding of flow in the region where the velocity distribution is fully developed after passing through the inlet region.