Energy consumption anatomy of 802.11 devices and its implication on modeling and design

A thorough understanding of the power consumption behavior of real world wireless devices is of paramount importance to ground energy-efficient protocols and optimizations on realistic and accurate energy models. This paper provides an in-depth experimental investigation of the per-frame energy consumption components in 802.11 Wireless LAN devices. To the best of our knowledge, our measurements are the first to unveil that a substantial fraction of energy consumption, hereafter descriptively named cross-factor, may be ascribed to each individual frame while it crosses the protocol/implementation stack (OS, driver, NIC). Our findings, summarized in a convenient new energy consumption model, contrast traditional models which either neglect or amortize such energy cost component in a fixed baseline cost, and raise the alert that, in some cases, conclusions drawn using traditional energy models may be fallacious.

[1]  D. A. Berry,et al.  Introduction to Probability and Statistics (4th ed.). , 1980 .

[2]  J. Taylor.  An Introduction to Error Analysis , 1982 .

[3]  J. Susan Milton,et al.  Introduction to Probability and Statistics: Principles and Applications for Engineering and the Computing Sciences , 1990 .

[4]  Voon Chin Phua,et al.  Wireless lan medium access control (mac) and physical layer (phy) specifications , 1999 .

[5]  Martin Nilsson,et al.  Investigating the energy consumption of a wireless network interface in an ad hoc networking environment , 2001, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2001. Conference on Computer Communications. Twentieth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Society (Cat. No.01CH37213).

[6]  Marco Conti,et al.  Optimization of Efficiency and Energy Consumption in p-Persistent CSMA-Based Wireless LANs , 2002, IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput..

[7]  Nitin H. Vaidya,et al.  An energy efficient MAC protocol for wireless LANs , 2002, Proceedings.Twenty-First Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies.

[8]  Adam Wolisz,et al.  A trace-based approach for determining the energy consumption of a WLAN network interface , 2002 .

[9]  W. J. DeCoursey,et al.  Introduction: Probability and Statistics , 2003 .

[10]  Serge Fdida,et al.  Energy consumption models for ad-hoc mobile terminals , 2003 .

[11]  Dirk Grunwald,et al.  Benefits of Packet Aggregation in Ad-Hoc Wireless Network ; CU-CS-960-03 , 2003 .

[12]  Kang G. Shin,et al.  MiSer: an optimal low-energy transmission strategy for IEEE 802.11a/h , 2003, MobiCom '03.

[13]  Gustavo de Veciana,et al.  Minimizing energy consumption in large-scale sensor networks through distributed data compression and hierarchical aggregation , 2004, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[14]  Katia Obraczka,et al.  Modeling energy consumption in single-hop IEEE 802.11 ad hoc networks , 2004, Proceedings. 13th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (IEEE Cat. No.04EX969).

[15]  Dharma P. Agrawal,et al.  Analysis and Optimization of the Energy Efficiency in the 802.11 DCF , 2006, Mob. Networks Appl..

[16]  Carla-Fabiana Chiasserini,et al.  Saving Energy during Channel Contention in 802.11 WLANs , 2006, Mob. Networks Appl..

[17]  Shervin Shirmohammadi,et al.  A survey of application-layer multicast protocols , 2007, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[18]  Sunghyun Choi,et al.  Interference Analysis and Transmit Power Control in IEEE 802.11a/h Wireless LANs , 2007, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[19]  Pravin Varaiya,et al.  Decomposition of Energy Consumption in IEEE 802.11 , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[20]  Jyh-Cheng Chen,et al.  EDCA/CA: Enhancement of IEEE 802.11e EDCA by Contention Adaption for Energy Efficiency , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[21]  Kevin C. Almeroth,et al.  Green WLANs: On-Demand WLAN Infrastructures , 2009, Mob. Networks Appl..

[22]  Arun Venkataramani,et al.  Energy consumption in mobile phones: a measurement study and implications for network applications , 2009, IMC '09.

[23]  Paramvir Bahl,et al.  Opportunistic Use of Client Repeaters to Improve Performance of WLANs , 2008, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[24]  Ramesh Govindan,et al.  Dynamic data compression in multi-hop wireless networks , 2009, SIGMETRICS '09.

[25]  Pasi Sarolahti,et al.  Modeling energy efficiency in wireless internet communication , 2009, MobiHeld '09.

[26]  Gernot Heiser,et al.  An Analysis of Power Consumption in a Smartphone , 2010, USENIX Annual Technical Conference.

[27]  Frank Y. Li,et al.  Throughput and energy efficiency comparison of one-hop, two-hop, virtual relay and cooperative retransmission schemes , 2010, 2010 European Wireless Conference (EW).

[28]  J-M Tarascon,et al.  Key challenges in future Li-battery research , 2010, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences.

[29]  Simon Hay,et al.  Pervasive and Mobile Computing ( ) – Pervasive and Mobile Computing Measuring Mobile Phone Energy Consumption for 802.11 Wireless Networking , 2022 .

[30]  Ramachandran Ramjee,et al.  NAPman: network-assisted power management for wifi devices , 2010, MobiSys '10.

[31]  David Wetherall,et al.  Demystifying 802.11n power consumption , 2010 .

[32]  Feng Qian,et al.  Characterizing radio resource allocation for 3G networks , 2010, IMC '10.

[33]  Ming Zhang,et al.  Bootstrapping energy debugging on smartphones: a first look at energy bugs in mobile devices , 2011, HotNets-X.

[34]  Filip Idzikowski,et al.  Power consumption of WLAN network elements , 2011 .

[35]  Cong Xiong,et al.  Energy-efficient wireless communications: tutorial, survey, and open issues , 2011, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[36]  Radha Poovendran,et al.  An energy framework for the network simulator 3 (NS-3) , 2011, SimuTools.

[37]  Chenyang Yang,et al.  Is Two-Way Relay More Energy Efficient? , 2011, 2011 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference - GLOBECOM 2011.

[38]  Lucas Eznarriaga.  Performance Evaluation of IEEE 802.11aa MAC Enhancements for Robust Audio Video Streaming , 2011 .

[39]  Shiao-Li Tsao,et al.  A survey of energy efficient MAC protocols for IEEE 802.11 WLAN , 2011, Comput. Commun..

[40]  Matthias Hollick,et al.  Energy-efficient fair channel access for IEEE 802.11 WLANs , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks.

[41]  Ren Wang,et al.  Improving energy efficiency for mobile platforms by exploiting low-power sleep states , 2012, CF '12.