Fabrication of vesicular polyaniline using hard templates and composites with graphene for supercapacitor

Vesicular polyaniline (VPANI) has been fabricated for the first time via a facile two-step method, which uses high-quality multilamellar vesicular SiO2 as hard templates. The graphene-wrapped VPANI (VPANI@RGO) composites were prepared by self-assembling graphene oxide onto VPANI and subsequently conducting the hydrothermal reduction process. The morphological characterization of the composites confirms the uniform wrapping of the graphene sheets on the VPANI. The structural characterization of the composites reveals a strong π–π electron and hydrogen bond interaction in the composites. The VPANI@RGO composites exhibit an excellent supercapacitor performance with an enhanced specific capacitance (573 F g−1) and a good cycling stability, which maintains its capacity of up to 85.7 % over 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1.

[1]  L. Dai,et al.  Hole and Electron Extraction Layers Based on Graphene Oxide Derivatives for High‐Performance Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells , 2012, Advanced materials.

[2]  Lawrence T. Drzal,et al.  Templated growth of polyaniline on exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and its thermoelectric properties , 2012 .

[3]  B. Lu,et al.  3D ternary nanocomposites of molybdenum disulfide/polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide aerogel for high performance supercapacitors , 2016 .

[4]  Guowei Zhou,et al.  Composites of rutile TiO2 nanorods loaded on graphene oxide nanosheet with enhanced electrochemical performance , 2015 .

[5]  Zhibin Yang,et al.  Hierarchical composites of polyaniline-graphene nanoribbons-carbon nanotubes as electrode materials in all-solid-state supercapacitors. , 2013, Nanoscale.

[6]  D. Mandal,et al.  An Effective Electrical Throughput from PANI Supplement ZnS Nanorods and PDMS-Based Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerator for Power up Portable Electronic Devices: An Alternative of MWCNT Filler. , 2015, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[7]  Yijian Chen,et al.  Comparative studies on catalytic properties of immobilized Candida rugosa lipase in ordered mesoporous rod-like silica and vesicle-like silica , 2009 .

[8]  Qiang Zhao,et al.  Aqueous dispersed conducting polyaniline nanofibers: Promising high specific capacity electrode mate , 2011 .

[9]  Yong Feng,et al.  Preparation of three-dimensional PANI/GO for the separation of Hg(II) from aqueous solution , 2015 .

[10]  Guowei Zhou,et al.  Mesoporous TiO2 and Co-doped TiO2 Nanotubes/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites as Electrodes for Supercapacitors , 2016 .

[11]  Serge Lefrant,et al.  Polyaniline and Carbon Nanotubes Based Composites Containing Whole Units and Fragments of Nanotubes , 2003 .

[12]  Xiaojing Yang,et al.  Intercalation of Organic Ammonium Ions into Layered Graphite Oxide , 2002 .

[13]  S. Saha,et al.  Epitaxial growth of crystalline polyaniline on reduced graphene oxide. , 2011, Macromolecular rapid communications.

[14]  Yuying Zheng,et al.  A High-Performance Hierarchical Graphene@Polyaniline@Graphene Sandwich Containing Hollow Structures for Supercapacitor Electrodes , 2015 .

[15]  A. Buragohain,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of SiO2/polyaniline/Ag core–shell particles and studies of their electrical and hemolytic properties: multifunctional core–shell particles , 2015 .

[16]  Y. Chui,et al.  Transferable, transparent and functional polymer@graphene 2D objects , 2014 .

[17]  Huaqing Xie,et al.  Electrochemical properties of graphene nanosheets/polyaniline nanofibers composites as electrode for , 2011 .

[18]  Yi Cui,et al.  Enhancing the supercapacitor performance of graphene/MnO2 nanostructured electrodes by conductive wrapping. , 2011, Nano letters.

[19]  R. Ruoff,et al.  Graphene-based ultracapacitors. , 2008, Nano letters.

[20]  Qiang Zhang,et al.  A Three‐Dimensional Carbon Nanotube/Graphene Sandwich and Its Application as Electrode in Supercapacitors , 2010, Advanced materials.

[21]  A. Xu,et al.  A core–shell structure of polyaniline coated protonic titanate nanobelt composites for both Cr(VI) and humic acid removal , 2016 .

[22]  L. Dai,et al.  Polyaniline-grafted reduced graphene oxide for efficient electrochemical supercapacitors. , 2012, ACS nano.

[23]  D. Kelkar,et al.  Investigation of Structure and Electrical Conductivity in Doped Polyaniline , 1997 .

[24]  Yongyao Xia,et al.  Interfacial synthesis of porous MnO2 and its application in electrochemical capacitor , 2007 .

[25]  Lei Zhang,et al.  A review of electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors. , 2012, Chemical Society reviews.

[26]  Tianxi Liu,et al.  Graphene-wrapped polyaniline hollow spheres as novel hybrid electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. , 2013, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[27]  Mei Li,et al.  Hierarchical nanocomposites of polyaniline scales coated on graphene oxide sheets for enhanced supercapacitors , 2016, Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry.

[28]  S. Jun,et al.  High-performance supercapacitor electrode based on a polyaniline nanofibers/3D graphene framework as an efficient charge transporter , 2014 .

[29]  Yijian Chen,et al.  From cylindrical-channel mesoporous silica to vesicle-like silica with well-defined multilamella shells and large inter-shell mesopores , 2007 .

[30]  W. S. Hummers,et al.  Preparation of Graphitic Oxide , 1958 .

[31]  Shuhong Yu,et al.  Flexible graphene–polyaniline composite paper for high-performance supercapacitor , 2013 .

[32]  Guowei Zhou,et al.  A cationic-cationic co-surfactant templating route for synthesizing well-defined multilamellar vesicular silica with an adjustable number of layers. , 2014, Chemical communications.

[33]  Xin Wang,et al.  A nanostructured graphene/polyaniline hybrid material for supercapacitors. , 2010, Nanoscale.

[34]  Y. Gogotsi,et al.  Materials for electrochemical capacitors. , 2008, Nature materials.

[35]  Liangti Qu,et al.  Spontaneous, Straightforward Fabrication of Partially Reduced Graphene Oxide-Polypyrrole Composite Films for Versatile Actuators. , 2016, ACS nano.

[36]  Y. Li,et al.  Layered polyaniline/graphene film from sandwich-structured polyaniline/graphene/polyaniline nanosheets for high-performance pseudosupercapacitors , 2014 .

[37]  D. Wexler,et al.  Comparison of GO, GO/MWCNTs composite and MWCNTs as potential electrode materials for supercapacitors , 2011 .

[38]  Jun Liu,et al.  Electrochemical energy storage for green grid. , 2011, Chemical reviews.

[39]  P. Srinivasan,et al.  Effect of reduced graphene oxide–silica composite in polyaniline: electrode material for high-performance supercapacitor , 2015, Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry.

[40]  Chunhui Huang,et al.  High-performance hybrid perovskite solar cells with polythiophene as hole-transporting layer via electrochemical polymerization , 2014 .

[41]  Kai Zhang,et al.  Graphene/Polyaniline Nanofiber Composites as Supercapacitor Electrodes , 2010 .

[42]  Yongsheng Chen,et al.  An overview of the applications of graphene-based materials in supercapacitors. , 2012, Small.

[43]  Anran Liu,et al.  Supercapacitors based on flexible graphene/polyaniline nanofiber composite films. , 2010, ACS nano.

[44]  Piers Andrew,et al.  A nanostructured electrochromic supercapacitor. , 2012, Nano letters.

[45]  N. Motta,et al.  Role of Graphene Oxide Liquid Crystals in Hydrothermal Reduction and Supercapacitor Performance. , 2016, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[46]  Huaihe Song,et al.  Effect of compounding process on the structure and electrochemical properties of ordered mesoporous carbon/polyaniline composites as electrodes for supercapacitors , 2009 .

[47]  H.Q. Li,et al.  Ordered Whiskerlike Polyaniline Grown on the Surface of Mesoporous Carbon and Its Electrochemical Capacitance Performance , 2006 .

[48]  W. Bennett,et al.  Hierarchically porous graphene as a lithium-air battery electrode. , 2011, Nano letters.

[49]  Shuangxi Xing,et al.  Reducing the symmetry of bimetallic Au@Ag nanoparticles by exploiting eccentric polymer shells. , 2010, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[50]  X. Zhao,et al.  Growth of Polyaniline on Hollow Carbon Spheres for Enhancing Electrocapacitance , 2010 .

[51]  Jingjing Xu,et al.  Hierarchical nanocomposites of polyaniline nanowire arrays on graphene oxide sheets with synergistic effect for energy storage. , 2010, ACS nano.

[52]  Oliver G. Schmidt,et al.  Hierarchical MoS2/Polyaniline Nanowires with Excellent Electrochemical Performance for Lithium‐Ion Batteries , 2013, Advanced materials.