Affect and Metaphor Sensing in Virtual Drama

We report our developments on metaphor and affect sensing for several metaphorical language phenomena including affects as external entities metaphor, food metaphor, animal metaphor, size metaphor, and anger metaphor. The metaphor and affect sensing component has been embedded in a conversational intelligent agent interacting with human users under loose scenarios. Evaluation for the detection of several metaphorical language phenomena and affect is provided. Our paper contributes to the journal themes on believable virtual characters in real-time narrative environment, narrative in digital games and storytelling and educational gaming with social software.

[1]  J. Barnden Metaphor, Semantic Preferences and Context-Sensitivity , 2007 .

[2]  Li Zhang,et al.  A 'companion' ECA with planning and activity modelling , 2008, AAMAS.

[3]  Ruth Aylett,et al.  Unscripted narrative for affectively driven characters , 2005, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[4]  James C. Lester,et al.  Integrating Affective Computing Into Animated Tutoring Agents , 1997 .

[5]  Hugo Liu,et al.  ConceptNet — A Practical Commonsense Reasoning Tool-Kit , 2004 .

[6]  Anthony C. Boucouvalas,et al.  Text-to-Emotion Engine for Real Time Internet Communication , 2002 .

[7]  Andrea Esuli,et al.  Determining Term Subjectivity and Term Orientation for Opinion Mining , 2006, EACL.

[8]  Carlo Strapparava,et al.  WordNet Affect: an Affective Extension of WordNet , 2004, LREC.

[9]  A. Ortony,et al.  Metaphorical Uses of Language in the Expression of Emotions , 1987 .

[10]  Jaime G. Carbonell,et al.  Interactive drama, art and artificial intelligence , 2002 .

[11]  A. Wallington,et al.  Varieties and Directions of Interdomain Influence in Metaphor , 2004 .

[12]  Paul Edward Rayson,et al.  Matrix : a statistical method and software tool for linguistic analysis through corpus comparison , 2003 .

[13]  Z. Kövecses,et al.  Are there any emotion-specific metaphors? , 1998 .

[14]  Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann,et al.  A Model for Personality and Emotion Simulation , 2003, KES.

[15]  Marco Gillies,et al.  Integrating autonomous behavior and user control for believable agents , 2004, Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, 2004. AAMAS 2004..

[16]  D. Glynn Love and Anger. The grammatical structure of conceptual metaphors , 2002 .

[17]  R. Craggs,et al.  A two dimensional annotation scheme for emotion in dialogue , 2004 .

[18]  John A. Barnden ATT-Meta Project Databank: Examples of Usage of Metaphors of Mind , 2008 .

[19]  Mitsuru Ishizuka,et al.  Assessing Sentiment of Text by Semantic Dependency and Contextual Valence Analysis , 2007, ACII.

[20]  Barry Crabtree,et al.  E-Drama: Facilitating Online Role-play using an AI Actor and Emotionally Expressive Characters , 2009, Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ..

[21]  Serge Sharoff,et al.  How to handle lexical semantics in SFL: a corpus study of purposes for using size adjectives , 2006 .