Differential humoral response against alpha- and beta-linked mannose residues associated with tissue invasion by Candida albicans

Candida albicans mannan is the major cell wall antigen that elicits antibodies considered to be of little diagnostic value. It comprises epitopes corresponding to sequences of alpha- and beta-1,2-linked mannose residues. Both types of oligomannosidic epitopes may also be present on the glycosidic portions of other C. albicans molecules, i.e., mannoproteins (MP) (either structural or enzymatic) and glycolipids. The human humoral responses against beta-1,2- and alpha-linked oligomannosides were investigated by C. albicans Western blotting by considering the elective distribution of beta-1,2-oligomannosidic epitopes over a 14- to 18-kDa phospholipomannan (PLM) and the presence of alpha-mannosidic epitopes over heavily glycosylated MP. Western blotting of 51 control sera confirmed the presence of antibodies against C. albicans as a commensal member of the indigenous microflora; an immunoglobulin G (IgG) reactivity linked to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay mannan signals was found for both PLM (beta-1,2-Man residues) and MP (alpha-Man residues). Despite strong reactivities against mannan and MP, IgG from 21 hospitalized patients with mycological evidence of deep-tissue invasion by C. albicans very significantly failed to react or reacted only faintly with PLM. This downregulation of anti-beta-1,2-oligomannosidic epitopes, associated with tissue invasion by C. albicans, was confirmed in 3 of 4 AIDS patients with extended oroesophageal candidosis. The application of a dissociation procedure proved that the absence of PLM reactivity was not due to the presence of immune complexes. These data provide the first evidence for a qualitative modification of the human antimannan antibody response associated with the C. albicans commensal-pathogenic transition.

[1]  A. Casadevall,et al.  Antibody immunity and invasive fungal infections , 1995, Infection and immunity.

[2]  P. Trinel,et al.  Mapping of beta-1,2-linked oligomannosidic epitopes among glycoconjugates of Candida species. , 1995, Microbiology.

[3]  G. Santoni,et al.  Rats clearing a vaginal infection by Candida albicans acquire specific, antibody-mediated resistance to vaginal reinfection , 1995, Infection and immunity.

[4]  Yongmoon Han,et al.  Antibody response that protects against disseminated candidiasis , 1995, Infection and immunity.

[5]  J. Wieruszeski,et al.  Beta-1,2-linked oligomannosides from Candida albicans act as signals for tumor necrosis factor alpha production , 1995, Infection and immunity.

[6]  S. Kohno,et al.  Plasma (1→3)-β-D-glucan measurement in diagnosis of invasive deep mycosis and fungal febrile episodes , 1995, The Lancet.

[7]  S. Sternberg.  The emerging fungal threat. , 1994, Science.

[8]  P. Trinel,et al.  The Candida albicans phospholipomannan induces in vitro production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha from human and murine macrophages. , 1994, Immunology.

[9]  T. Morgenthaler,et al.  Candida albicans stimulates arachidonic acid liberation from alveolar macrophages through alpha-mannan and beta-glucan cell wall components , 1994, Infection and immunity.

[10]  T. Barbui,et al.  Preventing Fungal Infection in Neutropenic Patients with Acute Leukemia: Fluconazole Compared with Oral Amphotericin B , 1994, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[11]  E. Anaissie,et al.  Antifungal prophylaxis during remission induction therapy for acute leukemia fluconazole versus intravenous amphotericin B , 1994, Cancer.

[12]  W. Fibbe,et al.  Risk factors for fungal infection in patients with malignant hematologic disorders: implications for empirical therapy and prophylaxis. , 1994, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[13]  R. Sawyer,et al.  Secretion of TNF‐α by alveolar macrophages in response to Candida albicans mannan , 1994, Journal of leukocyte biology.

[14]  W. Hop,et al.  Diagnostic value of anti-Candida enolase antibodies , 1994, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[15]  E. F. Ullman,et al.  An automated enzymatic method for measurement of D-arabinitol, a metabolite of pathogenic Candida species , 1994, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[16]  S. Kohno,et al.  Detection of candida enolase antibody in patients with candidiasis , 1994, Journal of clinical laboratory analysis.

[17]  G. Nino,et al.  Fungal polysaccharides. , 1994, Journal of medical and veterinary mycology : bi-monthly publication of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology.

[18]  C. J. Morrison,et al.  Nonculture methods for diagnosis of disseminated candidiasis , 1993, Clinical Microbiology Reviews.

[19]  P. Trinel,et al.  Isolation and preliminary characterization of the 14- to 18-kilodalton Candida albicans antigen as a phospholipomannan containing beta-1,2-linked oligomannosides , 1993, Infection and immunity.

[20]  R. Matthews,et al.  Application of the polymerase chain reaction to the diagnosis of candidosis by amplification of an HSP 90 gene fragment. , 1993, Journal of medical microbiology.

[21]  A. Iwama,et al.  Improved survival from fungaemia in patients with haematological malignancies: Analysis of risk factors for death and usefulness of early antifungal therapy , 1993, European journal of haematology.

[22]  J. Cutler,et al.  Chemical definition of an epitope/adhesin molecule on Candida albicans. , 1993, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[23]  C. Beck-Sague,et al.  Secular trends in the epidemiology of nosocomial fungal infections in the United States, 1980-1990. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. , 1993, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[24]  P. Trinel,et al.  Qualitative and quantitative differences in recognition patterns of Candida albicans protein and polysaccharide antigens by human sera. , 1993, Journal of medical and veterinary mycology : bi-monthly publication of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology.

[25]  S. Suzuki,et al.  Complete assignment of 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts of beta-1,2-linked mannooligosaccharides isolated from the phosphomannan of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans NIH B-792 strain. , 1993, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[26]  P. Jacquinot,et al.  Probable presence of beta(1-2)-linked oligomannosides that act as human immunoglobulin G3 epitopes and are distributed over a Candida albicans 14- to 18-kilodalton antigen , 1993, Infection and immunity.

[27]  M. Arai,et al.  Structural identification of an epitope of antigenic factor 5 in mannans of Candida albicans NIH B-792 (serotype B) and J-1012 (serotype A) as beta-1,2-linked oligomannosyl residues , 1992, Infection and immunity.

[28]  P. Jacquinot,et al.  Mapping of Candida albicans oligomannosidic epitopes by using monoclonal antibodies , 1992, Infection and immunity.

[29]  J. Graybill,et al.  Fungal infections in AIDS patients. , 1992, Journal of medical and veterinary mycology : bi-monthly publication of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology.

[30]  J. Wieruszeski,et al.  1H-NMR spectroscopy of manno-oligosaccharides of the beta-1,2-linked series released from the phosphopeptidomannan of Candida albicans VW-32 (serotype A). , 1991, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[31]  A. Nakamura,et al.  Diagnosis of invasive candidiasis by detection of mannan antigen by using the avidin-biotin enzyme immunoassay , 1991, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[32]  J. Burnie,et al.  The application of epitope mapping in the development of a new serological test for systemic candidosis. , 1991, Journal of immunological methods.

[33]  E. Kurstak.  Immunology of fungal diseases , 1991 .

[34]  J. Edwards.  Invasive candida infections--evolution of a fungal pathogen. , 1991, The New England journal of medicine.

[35]  A. MacGowan,et al.  Prophylactic oral fluconazole and candida fungaemia , 1991, The Lancet.

[36]  R. Nelson,et al.  Candida mannan: chemistry, suppression of cell-mediated immunity, and possible mechanisms of action , 1991, Clinical Microbiology Reviews.

[37]  S. Suzuki,et al.  Immunochemistry of Candida Mannans , 1991 .

[38]  J. Latgé,et al.  Fungal Cell Wall and Immune Response , 1991, NATO ASI Series.

[39]  G. Strecker,et al.  Immunoreactivity of neoglycolipids constructed from oligomannosidic residues of the Candida albicans cell wall , 1990, Infection and immunity.

[40]  J. Dupouy-Camet,et al.  Comparison of antibody, antigen, and metabolite assays for hospitalized patients with disseminated or peripheral candidiasis , 1990, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[41]  E. Evans,et al.  Serological tests in the diagnosis and prognosis of fungal infection in the compromised patient. , 1990 .

[42]  R. Woolson,et al.  Risk factors for hospital-acquired candidemia. A matched case-control study. , 1989, Archives of internal medicine.

[43]  J. Domer.  Candida cell wall mannan: a polysaccharide with diverse immunologic properties. , 1989, Critical reviews in microbiology.

[44]  Y. Fukazawa.  Antigenic structure of Candida albicans. Immunochemical basis of the serologic specificity of the mannans in yeasts. , 1989, Immunology series.

[45]  J. Burnie,et al.  Diagnosis of systemic candidiasis by an enzyme-linked dot immunobinding assay for a circulating immunodominant 47-kilodalton antigen , 1988, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[46]  T. Mikami,et al.  Preparation of monoclonal antibodies reactive with beta-1,2-linked oligomannosyl residues in the phosphomannan-protein complex of Candida albicans NIH B-792 strain. , 1988, Clinical chemistry.

[47]  G. Soe,et al.  Production and characterization of agglutinating monoclonal antibodies against predominant antigenic factors for Candida albicans. , 1986, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[48]  J. Burnie,et al.  IMMUNOBLOT ANALYSIS OF THE SEROLOGICAL RESPONSE IN SYSTEMIC CANDIDOSIS , 1984, The Lancet.

[49]  D. Warnock,et al.  Fungal infection in the compromised patient. , 1982 .

[50]  Richardson,et al.  Serological Tests in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Fungal Infection in the Compromised Patient , 1982 .

[51]  F. Odds,et al.  Distribution of pathogenic yeasts and humoral antibodies to candida among hospital inpatients. , 1980, Journal of clinical pathology.

[52]  W. Chew,et al.  Candida precipitins. , 1967, Journal of immunology.