Analyzing bone, blood vessels, and biomaterials with microcomputed tomography.

Quantitative tools such as micro-CT are needed for tissue engineering to evolve beyond a qualitative, observational field and accelerate the clinical realization of regenerative technologies. As faster, higher-resolution micro-CT systems become available for both in vitro and in vivo studies and the development of improved contrast agents allows micro-CT imaging to be extended to nonmineralized tissues, additional novel applications related to tissue engineering are sure to emerge.

[1]  S A Goldstein,et al.  A new technique for the quantitative analysis of cranial suture biology. , 2000, The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association.

[2]  Erik L Ritman,et al.  The use of microcomputed tomography to study microvasculature in small rodents. , 2002, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology.

[3]  Jun Hirano,et al.  Effects of vitamin K2, vitamin D, and calcium on the bone metabolism of rats in the growth phase , 2002, Journal of orthopaedic science : official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association.

[4]  M. Ito,et al.  Differences of three-dimensional trabecular microstructure in osteopenic rat models caused by ovariectomy and neurectomy. , 2002, Bone.

[5]  S. Goldstein,et al.  Marrow‐derived progenitor cell injections enhance new bone formation during distraction , 1999, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[6]  C. Turner,et al.  Two Inbred Rat Strains That Differ Substantially in Hip Fragility , 2003, Calcified Tissue International.

[7]  W. J. Whitehouse The quantitative morphology of anisotropic trabecular bone , 1974, Journal of microscopy.

[8]  F. Tirode,et al.  Bisphosphonate effects in rat unloaded hindlimb bone loss model: three-dimensional microcomputed tomographic, histomorphometric, and densitometric analyses. , 1999, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[9]  Eiji Toyota,et al.  Dynamic Changes in Three-Dimensional Architecture and Vascular Volume of Transmural Coronary Microvasculature Between Diastolic- and Systolic-Arrested Rat Hearts , 2002, Circulation.

[10]  K Bose,et al.  Management of Partial Growth Arrest: Physis, Fat, or Silastic? , 1993, Journal of pediatric orthopedics.

[11]  R Müller,et al.  Variation in Bone Biomechanical Properties, Microstructure, and Density in BXH Recombinant Inbred Mice , 2001, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[12]  Srinidhi Nagaraja,et al.  Quantitative Micro-CT analysis of mineralized matrix formation on natural and synthetic 3D scaffolds in vitro , 2002, Proceedings of the Second Joint 24th Annual Conference and the Annual Fall Meeting of the Biomedical Engineering Society] [Engineering in Medicine and Biology.

[13]  L G Griffith,et al.  Effect of pore size and void fraction on cellular adhesion, proliferation, and matrix deposition. , 2001, Tissue engineering.

[14]  Carlalberta Verna,et al.  Healing patterns in calvarial bone defects following guided bone regeneration in rats. A micro-CT scan analysis. , 2002, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[15]  Chisato Miyaura,et al.  Comparative Effects of Estrogen and Raloxifene on B Lymphopoiesis and Bone Loss Induced by Sex Steroid Deficiency in Mice , 2000, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[16]  T. Dufresne,et al.  Risedronate Preserves Trabecular Architecture and Increases Bone Strength in Vertebra of Ovariectomized Minipigs as Measured by Three‐Dimensional Microcomputed Tomography , 2002, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[17]  S A Goldstein,et al.  Temporal and Spatial Characterization of Regenerate Bone in the Lengthened Rabbit Tibia , 1999, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[18]  R Huiskes,et al.  The Prospects of Estimating Trabecular Bone Tissue Properties from the Combination of Ultrasound, Dual‐Energy X‐Ray Absorptiometry, Microcomputed Tomography, and Microfinite Element Analysis , 2001, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[19]  D. J. Kubinski,et al.  Examination of subchondral bone architecture in experimental osteoarthritis by microscopic computed axial tomography. , 1988, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[20]  M. Duncan,et al.  Mutation of the ectodysplasin-A gene results in bone defects in mice. , 2002, Journal of comparative pathology.

[21]  M J Paulus,et al.  High resolution X-ray computed tomography: an emerging tool for small animal cancer research. , 2000, Neoplasia.

[22]  C. Rubin,et al.  Quantity and Quality of Trabecular Bone in the Femur Are Enhanced by a Strongly Anabolic, Noninvasive Mechanical Intervention , 2002, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[23]  E L Ritman,et al.  Restoration of bone mass in the severely osteopenic senescent rat. , 2000, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[24]  M. Ito,et al.  Stage-dependent changes in trabecular bone turnover and osteogenic capacity of marrow cells during development of type II collagen-induced arthritis in mice. , 2002, Bone.

[25]  L. S. Matthews,et al.  Trabecular bone remodeling: an experimental model. , 1991, Journal of biomechanics.

[26]  E L Ritman,et al.  Three-dimensional microcomputed tomography of renal vasculature in rats. , 1998, Hypertension.

[27]  Ivan Martin,et al.  The FASEB Journal express article 10.1096/fj.01-0656fje. Published online December 28, 2001. Cell differentiation by mechanical stress , 2022 .

[28]  G. Hounsfield Computerized transverse axial scanning (tomography): Part I. Description of system. 1973. , 1973, The British journal of radiology.

[29]  Heiko Graichen,et al.  A non-destructive technique for 3-D microstructural phenotypic characterisation of bones in genetically altered mice: preliminary data in growth hormone transgenic animals and normal controls , 1999, Anatomy and Embryology.

[30]  S A Goldstein,et al.  Morphometric and anisotropic symmetries of the canine distal femur , 1990, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[31]  D. Holdsworth,et al.  Micro-CT in small animal and specimen imaging , 2002 .

[32]  P. Rüegsegger,et al.  The ability of three-dimensional structural indices to reflect mechanical aspects of trabecular bone. , 1999, Bone.

[33]  S. Goldstein,et al.  The direct examination of three‐dimensional bone architecture in vitro by computed tomography , 1989, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[34]  R Müller,et al.  Effects of Daily Treatment with Parathyroid Hormone on Bone Microarchitecture and Turnover in Patients with Osteoporosis: A Paired Biopsy Study * , 2001, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[35]  P. Rüegsegger,et al.  Prevalence of Trabecular Microcallus Formation in the Vertebral Body and the Femoral Neck , 1997, Calcified Tissue International.

[36]  S Abe,et al.  Morphological study of the femur in osteopetrotic (op/op) mice using microcomputed tomography. , 2000, The British journal of radiology.

[37]  H. Kawaguchi,et al.  Additive effects of combined treatment with etidronate and alfacalcidol on bone mass and mechanical properties in ovariectomized rats. , 2000, Bone.

[38]  J L Kuhn,et al.  Characterization of regional and age‐related variations in the growth of the rabbit distal femur , 1997, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[39]  S. Farrow,et al.  Glucocorticoid-induced osteopenia in the mouse as assessed by histomorphometry, microcomputed tomography, and biochemical markers. , 2002, Bone.

[40]  S M Jorgensen,et al.  Three-dimensional imaging of vasculature and parenchyma in intact rodent organs with X-ray micro-CT. , 1998, The American journal of physiology.

[41]  M E Easterly,et al.  A review of high-resolution X-ray computed tomography and other imaging modalities for small animal research. , 2001, Lab animal.

[42]  R Huiskes,et al.  Increase in bone volume fraction precedes architectural adaptation in growing bone. , 2001, Bone.

[43]  I. Zein,et al.  Fused deposition modeling of novel scaffold architectures for tissue engineering applications. , 2002, Biomaterials.

[44]  S A Goldstein,et al.  Increased Distraction Rates Influence Precursor Tissue Composition Without Affecting Bone Regeneration , 2000, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[45]  Steven A. Goldstein,et al.  Measurement and significance of three-dimensional architecture to the mechanical integrity of trabecular bone , 2005, Calcified Tissue International.

[46]  S. Hollister,et al.  Optimal design and fabrication of scaffolds to mimic tissue properties and satisfy biological constraints. , 2002, Biomaterials.

[47]  H Miura,et al.  Effect of Vitamin K2 on Three‐Dimensional Trabecular Microarchitecture in Ovariectomized Rats , 2000, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[48]  Sharmila Majumdar,et al.  MicroCT evaluation of normal and osteoarthritic bone structure in human knee specimens , 2003, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[49]  S R Buchman,et al.  Volume Maintenance of Onlay Bone Grafts in the Craniofacial Skeleton: Micro‐architecture versus Embryologic Origin , 1998, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[50]  Stephen E. Feinberg,et al.  An image-based approach for designing and manufacturing craniofacial scaffolds. , 2000, International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

[51]  Sharmila Majumdar,et al.  Changes in Bone Structure and Mass With Advancing Age in the Male C57BL/6J Mouse , 2002, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[52]  R E Guldberg,et al.  Engineering microstructures to evaluate and replace trabecular bone. , 2001, Advances in experimental medicine and biology.

[53]  R. Huiskes,et al.  A new method to determine trabecular bone elastic properties and loading using micromechanical finite-element models. , 1995, Journal of biomechanics.

[54]  R E Guldberg,et al.  Mechanical Stimulation of Tissue Repair in the Hydraulic Bone Chamber , 1997, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[55]  Laurence Vico,et al.  Tail Suspension Induces Bone Loss in Skeletally Mature Mice in the C57BL/6J Strain but Not in the C3H/HeJ Strain , 2003, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[56]  Alexander G Robling,et al.  Improved Bone Structure and Strength After Long‐Term Mechanical Loading Is Greatest if Loading Is Separated Into Short Bouts , 2002, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[57]  Robert E Guldberg,et al.  Microarchitectural and mechanical characterization of oriented porous polymer scaffolds. , 2003, Biomaterials.

[58]  Stephen E. Feinberg,et al.  Image-Based Biomimetic Approach to Reconstruction of the Temporomandibular Joint , 2001, Cells Tissues Organs.

[59]  R Müller,et al.  Genetic Regulation of Cortical and Trabecular Bone Strength and Microstructure in Inbred Strains of Mice , 2000, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[60]  S. Goldstein The mechanical properties of trabecular bone: dependence on anatomic location and function. , 1987, Journal of biomechanics.

[61]  R. Müller,et al.  Human Parathyroid Hormone 1–34 Reverses Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice , 2001, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[62]  A. Economides,et al.  Skeletal overexpression of noggin results in osteopenia and reduced bone formation. , 2003, Endocrinology.

[63]  P. Rüegsegger,et al.  Direct Three‐Dimensional Morphometric Analysis of Human Cancellous Bone: Microstructural Data from Spine, Femur, Iliac Crest, and Calcaneus , 1999, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[64]  Kenny Q. Ye,et al.  Adaptations of Trabecular Bone to Low Magnitude Vibrations Result in More Uniform Stress and Strain Under Load , 2004, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[65]  S J Hollister,et al.  Manufacturing and Characterization of 3‐D Hydroxyapatite Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds , 2002, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[66]  E L Ritman,et al.  Time course of epiphyseal growth plate fusion in rat tibiae. , 2003, Bone.

[67]  P H Krebsbach,et al.  Indirect solid free form fabrication of local and global porous, biomimetic and composite 3D polymer-ceramic scaffolds. , 2003, Biomaterials.

[68]  Scott J Hollister,et al.  Mechanical and in vivo performance of hydroxyapatite implants with controlled architectures. , 2002, Biomaterials.

[69]  S. Goldstein,et al.  Evaluation of a microcomputed tomography system to study trabecular bone structure , 1990, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[70]  Akihiro Kotani,et al.  Effects of drug treatment on bone strength and structural changes with aging: an experimental study in rats , 2002, Journal of orthopaedic science : official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association.

[71]  J. Vander Sloten,et al.  Structural and Radiological Parameters for the Nondestructive Characterization of Trabecular Bone , 2001, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[72]  S. Goldstein,et al.  Variations in Three‐Dimensional Cancellous Bone Architecture of the Proximal Femur in Female Hip Fractures and in Controls , 2000, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[73]  Robert E Guldberg,et al.  Effects of medium perfusion rate on cell-seeded three-dimensional bone constructs in vitro. , 2003, Tissue engineering.

[74]  Ralph Müller,et al.  Mechanical and Architectural Bone Adaptation in Early Stage Experimental Osteoarthritis , 2002, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[75]  V. Goldberg,et al.  The Effect of Implants Loaded with Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Healing of Canine Segmental Bone Defects* , 1998, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[76]  M Noda,et al.  Osteopontin-deficient mice are resistant to ovariectomy-induced bone resorption. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.