Control scheme for hybridised electric vehicles with an online power follower management strategy

This study presents a control scheme for hybridised electric vehicles with an online power follower management strategy. The considered hybridisation is based on an active parallel topology composed of two bidirectional DC-DC converters, connecting NiMH batteries and SuperCapacitors. First, a control scheme of this hybridisation is deduced through a cascade of current and voltage linear controllers, complemented with the decoupling method. Thereafter, an energy management strategy based on a power follower is developed using an efficiency map of the hybridised feeding system. A reduced-scale prototype has been built to analyse the performance of the control scheme with an online power follower strategy under realistic driving cycles. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed control layer under an online rule-based management strategy.

[1]  Phatiphat Thounthong,et al.  A Control Strategy of Fuel Cell/Battery Hybrid Power Source for Electric Vehicle Applications , 2006 .

[2]  Joao P. Trovao,et al.  Analysis of operation modes for a neighborhood electric vehicle with power sources hybridization , 2010, 2010 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference.

[3]  Srdjan M. Lukic,et al.  Energy Storage Systems for Automotive Applications , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[4]  Weidong Xiao,et al.  Analysis and minimisation of DC bus surge voltage for electric vehicle applications , 2012 .

[5]  Jorge Moreno,et al.  Ultracapacitor-Based Auxiliary Energy System for an Electric Vehicle: Implementation and Evaluation , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[6]  A. Bouscayrol,et al.  Powering Sustainable Mobility: Roadmaps of Electric, Hybrid, and Fuel Cell Vehicles [Point of View] , 2009 .

[7]  Fernando J. T. E. Ferreira,et al.  Impact of voltage sags and continuous unbalance on variable-speed drives , 2010, The XIX International Conference on Electrical Machines - ICEM 2010.

[8]  Ching Chuen Chan,et al.  Electric, Hybrid, and Fuel-Cell Vehicles: Architectures and Modeling , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[9]  F. R. Salmasi,et al.  Control Strategies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Evolution, Classification, Comparison, and Future Trends , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[10]  Massimo Ceraolo,et al.  A General Approach to Energy Optimization of Hybrid Electric Vehicles , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[11]  J.P. Trovao,et al.  Simulation model and road tests comparative results of a small urban electric vehicle , 2009, 2009 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics.

[12]  Juan Dixon,et al.  Electric Vehicle Using a Combination of Ultracapacitors and ZEBRA Battery , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[13]  Joao P. Trovao,et al.  DC link control for multiple energy sources in electric vehicles , 2011, 2011 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference.

[14]  Andrew F. Burke,et al.  Batteries and Ultracapacitors for Electric, Hybrid, and Fuel Cell Vehicles , 2007, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[15]  A. Bouscayrol,et al.  Design and Control of a supercapacitor storage system for traction applications , 2005, Fourtieth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2005 Industry Applications Conference, 2005..

[16]  Philippe Delarue,et al.  Simulation of an unified control scheme for different Hybrid Electric Vehicles , 2009, 2009 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics.

[17]  Seung-Ki Sul,et al.  System Integration and Power-Flow Management for a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using Supercapacitors and Batteries , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[18]  L. Solero,et al.  Design of multiple-input power converter for hybrid vehicles , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[19]  A. Emadi,et al.  A New Battery/UltraCapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric, Hybrid, and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[20]  Alireza Khaligh,et al.  Battery, Ultracapacitor, Fuel Cell, and Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Electric, Hybrid Electric, Fuel Cell, and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles: State of the Art , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[21]  Rochdi Trigui,et al.  Flexible real-time control of a hybrid energy storage system for electric vehicles , 2013 .

[22]  Olivier Bethoux,et al.  > Replace This Line with Your Paper Identification Number (double-click Here to Edit) < 1 , 2001 .

[23]  Phatiphat Thounthong,et al.  Comparative Study of Fuel-Cell Vehicle Hybridization with Battery or Supercapacitor Storage Device , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[24]  Phatiphat Thounthong,et al.  Energy management of fuel cell/battery/supercapacitor hybrid power source for vehicle applications , 2009 .

[25]  Alireza Khaligh,et al.  Design, Control, and Power Management of a Battery/Ultra-Capacitor Hybrid System for Small Electric Vehicles , 2009 .