Computer-based cognitive tools: Description and design

With computers, tangible tools are represented by the hardware (e.g., the central processing unit, scanners, and video display unit), while intangible tools are represented by software. There is a special category of computer-based software tools (CBSTs) that have the potential to mediate cognitive processes—computer-based cognitive tools (CBCTs). Only a limited number of CBSTs have been designed specifically for educational purposes. It is the design of the educational environment, specifically the educational intent, that transforms student interactions with a CBST to that of a CBCT. Two examples of CBCTs are described. The Interactive Graphing Tool (IGT) facilitates on-screen sketching of graphs. Students receive qualitative feedback, may revise their articulation of graphical knowledge any number of times, and ultimately, have access to expert answers for comparison and self- evaluation. The Text Analysis Object (TAO) also facilitates an iterative approach to knowledge construction. The TAO allows a student to type extended answers to questions, receive qualitative and limited summative feedback, and access to both expert and 'good student answers' for comparison and self-evaluation.