Measuring the Frequency Occurrence of Handwriting and Handprinting Characteristics ,

The premise of this study was to take a valid population sampling of handwriting and handprinting and assess how many times each of the predetermined characteristic is found in the samples. Approximately 1500 handwriting specimens were collected from across the United States and pared to obtain a representative sample of the U.S. adult population according to selected demographics based on age, sex, ethnicity, handedness, education level, and location of lower‐grade school education. This study has been able to support a quantitative assessment of extrinsic and intrinsic effects in handwriting and handprinting for the six subgroups. Additional results include analyses of the interdependence of characteristics. This study found that 98.55% of handprinted characteristics and 97.39% of cursive characteristics had an independence correlation of under 0.2. The conclusions support use of the product rule in general, but with noted caveats. Finally, this study provides frequency occurrence proportions for 776 handwriting and handprinting characteristics.

[1]  Amanda B. Hepler,et al.  Using subsampling to estimate the strength of handwriting evidence via score-based likelihood ratios. , 2012, Forensic science international.

[2]  M. Kam,et al.  Effects of Monetary Incentives on Performance of Nonprofessionals in Document-Examination Proficiency Tests , 1998 .

[3]  Roy Huber,et al.  Handwriting Identification: Facts and Fundamentals , 1999 .

[4]  Sargur N Srihari,et al.  Development of Individuality in Children's Handwriting , 2016, Journal of forensic sciences.

[5]  J. Bohan,et al.  Review of: Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward , 2010 .

[6]  D. Kennedy.  Forensic Science: Oxymoron? , 2003, Science.

[7]  Mark E. Johnson,et al.  Development of an Extensive Forensic Handwriting Database: Statistical Components , 2014 .

[8]  A. Descloux,et al.  1982/83 End office connection study: Analog voice and voiceband data transmission performance characterization of the public switched network , 1984, AT&T Bell Laboratories Technical Journal.

[9]  Bryan Found,et al.  Visual Attention and Expertise for Forensic Signature Analysis , 2006, Journal of forensic sciences.

[10]  Sung-Hyuk Cha,et al.  Individuality of handwriting. , 2002, Journal of forensic sciences.

[11]  D. J. Gamble,et al.  The Handwriting of Identical Twins , 1980 .

[12]  Douglas H Ubelaker,et al.  The use of SEM/EDS analysis to distinguish dental and osseus tissue from other materials. , 2002, Journal of forensic sciences.

[13]  M. Kam,et al.  Writer Identification by Professional Document Examiners , 1997 .

[14]  Sargur N. Srihari,et al.  A Survey of Computer Methods in Forensic Document Examination , 2003 .

[15]  A. M. Wing,et al.  The Variability of Selected Features in Cursive Handwriting: Categorical Measures , 1984 .

[16]  References , 1971 .

[17]  谢淑娟.  ASTM International 信息 , 2008 .

[18]  A. M. Kidd,et al.  Classification and Identification of Handwriting , 2010 .

[19]  Orville B. Livingston.  A Handwriting and Pen-Printing Classification System for Identifying Law Violators , 1959 .

[20]  No Value,et al.  Proceedings of the 11th Conference of the International Graphonomics Society , 2003 .

[21]  J. Moore.  Handwriting Classification , 1945 .

[22]  M. Kam,et al.  Signature authentication by forensic document examiners. , 2001, Journal of forensic sciences.

[23]  Harish Srinivasan,et al.  On the Discriminability of the Handwriting of Twins , 2008, Journal of forensic sciences.

[24]  Christine T. Cusack,et al.  A comparison study of the handwriting of adolescents , 1989 .

[25]  R. Muehlberger,et al.  A Statistical Examination of Selected Handwriting Characteristics , 1977 .

[26]  Moshe Kam,et al.  Proficiency of Professional Document Examiners in Writer Identification , 1994 .

[27]  Sargur N. Srihari,et al.  Document Title: Computational Methods for Handwritten Questioned Document Examination , 2010 .

[28]  Editorial: Statistics and forensic science , 2007, 0712.0974.

[29]  Bryan Found,et al.  Forensic handwriting examiners' expertise for signature comparison. , 2002, Journal of forensic sciences.