PRODUCTION OF GREEN BIOCIDES FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE. NOVEL BIOTECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS

The growth control of microflora in cultural and built heritage is usually performed by treatments using chemicals that have high toxicity. Thus it is crucial to develop strategies to discover new bioactive molecules and establish effective approaches against the effectively biodeteriogenic agents, which are responsible for degradation of cultural and built heritage, without detriment to the environment. Bacillus sp. produce a high number of secondary metabolites, some with antibiotic properties which can be used against biodeteriogenic filamentous fungi, source of serious damage in historic materials. These antagonistic proprieties are due to the production of bioactive lipopeptides which exhibit antifungal activity in the stationary phase of bacteria growth, being associated to secondary metabolism. A combined methodology using antifungal tests, chromatographic techniques, FTIR-ATR, microscopic approaches and simulations assays allowed the detection of antifungal potential and a rapid identification of these ground-breaking bioactive compounds without the need of previous total isolation. This novel green biocides show a great potential for future application in cultural and built heritage rehabilitation being an effective alternative to the chemical compounds usually applied.

[1]  Liisa Holm,et al.  Atlas of nonribosomal peptide and polyketide biosynthetic pathways reveals common occurrence of nonmodular enzymes , 2014, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[2]  M. F. Macedo,et al.  A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Archaeological Mortars from the Town of Ammaia in the Roman Province of Lusitania (Portugal) , 2014 .

[3]  Khaled S. Balkhair,et al.  Green biocides, a promising technology: current and future applications to industry and industrial processes. , 2014, Journal of the science of food and agriculture.

[4]  J. Mirão,et al.  Oxalate biofilm formation in mural paintings due to microorganisms – A comprehensive study , 2013 .

[5]  O. Franco,et al.  Lipopeptides in microbial infection control: scope and reality for industry. , 2013, Biotechnology advances.

[6]  N. Djébali,et al.  Putative use of a Bacillus subtilis L194 strain for biocontrol of Phoma medicaginis in Medicago truncatula seedlings. , 2012, Research in microbiology.

[7]  E. Garcia-Diaz,et al.  Influence of the intrinsic characteristics of mortars on biofouling by Klebsormidium flaccidum , 2012 .

[8]  S. Pérez-Ortega,et al.  Differential effects of biocide treatments on saxicolous communities: Case study of the Segovia cathedral cloister (Spain) , 2012 .

[9]  J. Roseiro,et al.  Combined use of LC–ESI-MS and antifungal tests for rapid identification of bioactive lipopeptides produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CCMI 1051 , 2011 .

[10]  Fernando Pina,et al.  Anatase as an alternative application for preventing biodeterioration of mortars: evaluation and comparison with other biocides , 2010 .

[11]  C. Saiz-Jimenez,et al.  Impact of biocide treatments on the bacterial communities of the Lascaux Cave , 2009, Naturwissenschaften.

[12]  S. Restrepo,et al.  Isoenzyme characterization of proteases and amylases and partial purification of proteases from filamentous fungi causing biodeterioration of industrial paper , 2009 .

[13]  H. Alakomi,et al.  Development of a biocidal treatment regime to inhibit biological growths on cultural heritage: BIODAM , 2008 .

[14]  Ramkrishna Sen,et al.  Antimicrobial potential of a lipopeptide biosurfactant derived from a marine Bacillus circulans , 2008, Journal of applied microbiology.

[15]  J. Roseiro,et al.  Environmental dynamics of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CCMI 1051 antifungal activity under different nitrogen patterns , 2008, Journal of applied microbiology.

[16]  Filomena De Leo,et al.  Evaluation of the efficiency of water-repellent and biocide compounds against microbial colonization of mortars☆ , 2007 .

[17]  A. Murdoch.  Cloning , 2007, Ethics & Medics.

[18]  M. S. Rakotonirainy,et al.  Effective biocide to prevent microbiological contamination during PEG impregnation of wet archaeological iron-wood artefacts , 2007 .

[19]  J. Roseiro,et al.  Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CCMI 1051in vitro activity against wood contaminant fungi , 2007, Annals of Microbiology.

[20]  S. Borin,et al.  Biodeterioration of a fresco by biofilm forming bacteria , 2006 .

[21]  T. Stein.  Bacillus subtilis antibiotics: structures, syntheses and specific functions , 2005, Molecular microbiology.

[22]  F. Rainey,et al.  Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains isolated from moisture-damaged buildings produced surfactin and a substance toxic to mammalian cells , 2004, Archives of Microbiology.

[23]  K. Tsuge,et al.  Cloning, Sequencing, and Characterization of the Iturin A Operon , 2001, Journal of bacteriology.

[24]  A. Podile,et al.  Lysis and biological control of Aspergillus niger by Bacillus subtilis AF 1. , 1996, Canadian journal of microbiology.

[25]  Brian C. Smith.  Fundamentals of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy , 1995 .

[26]  J. Ortega-Calvo,et al.  Microbial communities in weathered sandstones: the case of Carrascosa del Campo church, Spain , 1995 .

[27]  F. Rombouts,et al.  Modeling of the Bacterial Growth Curve , 1990, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[28]  S. Bufo,et al.  Natural biocides to prevent the microbial growth on cultural he- ritage , 2013 .

[29]  José Neves,et al.  An artificial intelligence approach to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CCMI 1051 cultures: application to the production of anti-fungal compounds. , 2011, Bioresource technology.