Detectability of low-level broad-band signals using adaptive matched-field processing with vertical aperture arrays

Alerted detection of low-level broad-band signals using adaptive matched-field processing (MFP) is illustrated in results from a shallow-water experiment carried out 12 km west of Point Loma, CA, in 200-m water of complex bathymetry. A 118-m vertical line array was deployed next to an identical line array tilted at 45 degrees. Array gain and signal excess for each of the arrays with linear and adaptive broad-band MFP is measured and compared using a low-level (118 dB//1 /spl mu/Pa/sup 2//Hz) broad-hand signal from a towed source. Surface/submerged classification was achieved at the minimum detectable level due to the depth resolution obtained with MFP. The results are compared qualitatively with adaptive plane-wave beamforming on a horizontal line array deployed nearby.

[1]  William S. Hodgkiss,et al.  Direct measurement and matched-field inversion approaches to array shape estimation , 1996 .

[2]  Arthur B. Baggeroer,et al.  An overview of matched field methods in ocean acoustics , 1993 .

[3]  J.H. Wilson,et al.  Inversion Techniques and the Variability of Sound Propagation in Shallow Water , 1996, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering.

[4]  J. Bendat,et al.  Random Data: Analysis and Measurement Procedures , 1987 .

[5]  Hodgkiss,et al.  Matched-field replica model optimization and bottom property inversion in shallow water , 2000, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[6]  W. Hodgkiss,et al.  Source localization with broad-band matched-field processing in shallow water , 1996 .

[7]  Robert J. Urick,et al.  Principles of underwater sound , 1975 .

[8]  Newell O. Booth,et al.  Signal-to-Noise Gain from Adaptive Matched-Field Beamforming of Multidimensional Acoustic Arrays , 1994 .

[9]  Jonathan H. Gross,et al.  Cross‐spectral matrix estimation effects on adaptive beamforming , 1993 .

[10]  Carl Eckart.  Optimal Rectifier Systems for the Detection of Steady Signals , 1952 .

[11]  Richard O. Nielsen,et al.  Sonar Signal Processing , 1991 .

[12]  Paul M. Embree,et al.  C Language Algorithms for Digital Signal Processing , 1991 .

[13]  Richard A. Gramann.  ABF Algorithms Implemented at ARL:UT, Technical Report Under Contract N00039-91-C-0082, TD No. 01A1002, FDS System Engineering and Acoustics , 1992 .

[14]  Christopher Feuillade,et al.  Matched‐field processing enhancement in a shallow‐water environment by incoherent broadband averaging , 1992 .

[15]  H. Bucker.  Use of calculated sound fields and matched‐field detection to locate sound sources in shallow water , 1976 .

[16]  C. Burrus,et al.  Array Signal Processing , 1989 .

[17]  Henry Cox,et al.  Robust adaptive beamforming , 2005, IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process..

[18]  William S. Hodgkiss,et al.  A LARGE DYNAMIC RANGE VERTICAL ARRAY OF ACOUSTIC SENSORS , 1995 .

[19]  N. R. Goodman,et al.  Probability distributions for estimators of the frequency-wavenumber spectrum , 1970 .

[20]  W. Kuperman,et al.  Matched field processing: source localization in correlated noise as an optimum parameter estimation problem , 1988 .

[21]  Evan K. Westwood.  Broadband matched‐field source localization , 1992 .

[22]  Zoi-Heleni Michalopoulou,et al.  Matched-field processing for broad-band source localization , 1996 .

[23]  Mark Porter,et al.  The KRAKEN normal mode program , 1992 .

[24]  William S. Hodgkiss,et al.  Mirages in shallow water matched‐field processing , 1995 .

[25]  James Doolittle.  From Hack to Editor--Diderot and the Booksellers , 1960 .

[26]  F. Harris.  On the use of windows for harmonic analysis with the discrete Fourier transform , 1978, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[27]  J. Capon.  Correction to "Probability distributions for estimators of the frequency-wavenumber spectrum" , 1971 .

[28]  Newell O. Booth,et al.  Geoacoustic databases for matched‐field processing: Preliminary results in shallow water off San Diego, California , 1996 .

[29]  Bernard D. Steinberg,et al.  Principles of aperture and array system design: Including random and adaptive arrays , 1976 .