Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis, Morphology Control, and Stabilization Facilitated by Functional Polymers

Gold nanoparticles exhibit novel optical and catalytic properties, are nontoxic and biocompatible, and attract considerable interest in a range of applications, e.g. photonics, diagnostics, and therapeutics. The morphology (size and shape) of the nanoparticles and their surface/colloidal properties are very important in the various applications. A methodology for the synthesis in aqueous media of gold nanoparticles with controlled size and shape and exceptional colloidal stability is reviewed. This methodology is based on designer polymers that can exhibit multiple functions on the basis of the polymer intramolecular and supramolecular organization. In addition to being water based, this methodology requires no external energy input and employs commercially available polymers, e.g., poly(ethylene oxide) containing Pluronics or Poloxamers, resulting in low cost and potential environmental benefits.