Periodic leg movements in sleep and periodic limb movement disorder: prevalence, clinical significance and treatment.

[1]  Liborio Parrino,et al.  Origin and Significance of the Cyclic Alternating Pattern (CAP). REVIEW ARTICLE. , 2000, Sleep medicine reviews.

[2]  Max Hirshkowitz,et al.  Practice parameters for the role of actigraphy in the study of sleep and circadian rhythms: an update for 2002. , 2003, Sleep.

[3]  A. Walters,et al.  Moderate to severe periodic limb movement disorder in childhood and adolescence. , 1999, Sleep.

[4]  N. Gosselin,et al.  Periodic leg movements in REM sleep behavior disorder and related autonomic and EEG activation , 2002, Neurology.

[5]  H. Bastuji,et al.  Sleep/wake abnormalities in patients with periodic leg movements during sleep: Factor analysis on data from 24‐h ambulatory polygraphy , 1999, Journal of sleep research.

[6]  D. Riemann,et al.  Magnesium therapy for periodic leg movements-related insomnia and restless legs syndrome: an open pilot study. , 1998, Sleep.

[7]  G. Klerman,et al.  Nocturnal cataclysms with myoclonus: a new side effect of clomipramine. , 1986, The American journal of psychiatry.

[8]  C. Guilleminault,et al.  Atlas and scoring rules , 1993 .

[9]  C. Guilleminault,et al.  Comparative polysomnographic study of narcolepsy and idiopathic central nervous system hypersomnia. , 1986, Sleep.

[10]  D. White,et al.  Antidepressants and Periodic Leg Movements of Sleep , 2005, Biological Psychiatry.

[11]  P. Anderer,et al.  Sleep laboratory studies in periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) patients as compared with normals and acute effects of ropinirole , 2001, Human psychopharmacology.

[12]  E. Tolosa,et al.  Development of restless legs syndrome after dopaminergic treatment in a patient with periodic leg movements in sleep. , 2003, Sleep medicine.

[13]  Á. Cammarota,et al.  Periodic limb movements in syringomyelia and syringobulbia , 2000, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[14]  T. Roth,et al.  Age‐related Sleep—Wake Disorders at a Sleep Disorder Center , 1983, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[15]  J A Jacoby,et al.  Nocturnal myoclonus and nocturnal myoclonic activity in the normal population. , 1982, Research communications in chemical pathology and pharmacology.

[16]  G. Tollefson,et al.  Occurrence of myoclonus in patients treated with cyclic antidepressants. , 1987, Archives of general psychiatry.

[17]  W. Mendelson,et al.  Are periodic leg movements associated with clinical sleep disturbance? , 1996, Sleep.

[18]  B. Wallin,et al.  Sympathetic muscle nerve activity during sleep in man. , 1991, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[19]  Richard P Allen,et al.  An update on the dopaminergic treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder. , 2004, Sleep.

[20]  W. Hening,et al.  The clinical neurophysiology of the restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements. Part I: diagnosis, assessment, and characterization , 2004, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[21]  R. Coleman Periodic movements in sleep (nocturnal myoclonus) and restless legs syndrome , 1982 .

[22]  R. Arens,et al.  Sleep and Periodic Limb Movement in Sleep in Juvenile Fibromyalgia , 2000, Pediatrics.

[23]  R. Chervin Periodic leg movements and sleepiness in patients evaluated for sleep-disordered breathing. , 2001, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[24]  L Parrino,et al.  The cyclic alternating pattern plays a gate-control on periodic limb movements during non-rapid eye movement sleep. , 1996, Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society.

[25]  A. Vela‐bueno,et al.  Periodic leg movements in sleep in essential hypertension , 1997, Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences.

[26]  G. Plazzi,et al.  Motor pattern of periodic limb movements during sleep , 2001, Neurology.

[27]  P. Lavie,et al.  Periodic leg movements in sleep , 1985, Neurology.

[28]  D. Kunz,et al.  Exogenous melatonin in periodic limb movement disorder: an open clinical trial and a hypothesis. , 2001, Sleep.

[29]  H. Scholle,et al.  Periodic leg movements and sleep-disordered breathing in children , 2001 .

[30]  T. Nielsen,et al.  Sleep pathophysiology in posttraumatic stress disorder and idiopathic nightmare sufferers , 2003, Biological Psychiatry.

[31]  J. Montplaisir,et al.  SPECT imaging of striatal pre- and postsynaptic dopaminergic status in restless legs syndrome with periodic leg movements in sleep , 2002, Journal of Neurology.

[32]  S. Nightingale,et al.  The association between narcolepsy and REM behavior disorder (RBD). , 2005, Sleep medicine.

[33]  C. Guilleminault,et al.  Periodic leg movements in prepubertal children with sleep disturbance. , 2004, Developmental medicine and child neurology.

[34]  J W Winkelman,et al.  The evoked heart rate response to periodic leg movements of sleep. , 1999, Sleep.

[35]  C. Pollak,et al.  Periodic movements in sleep (nocturnal myoclonus): Relation to sleep disorders , 1980, Annals of neurology.

[36]  T. Pollmächer,et al.  Alteration of the striatal dopaminergic system in human narcolepsy , 2003, Neurology.

[37]  A. Walters,et al.  Opioid treatment of periodic movements in sleep in patients without restless legs , 1988, Neuropeptides.

[38]  T. Pollmächer,et al.  Periodic leg movements (PLM): their relationship to sleep stages. , 1993, Sleep.

[39]  B. Feige,et al.  Periodic limb movements during sleep in alcohol dependent patients , 2002, European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience.

[40]  D. Riemann,et al.  Do periodic leg movements influence patients' perception of sleep quality? , 2004, Sleep medicine.

[41]  T. M. Brown,et al.  Periodic limb movements of sleep in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. , 1996, Journal of traumatic stress.

[42]  T. Wetter,et al.  Sleep and periodic leg movement patterns in drug-free patients with Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. , 2000, Sleep.

[43]  P. Lespérance,et al.  Clinical, polysomnographic, and genetic characteristics of restless legs syndrome: A study of 133 patients diagnosed with new standard criteria , 1997, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[44]  P. Anderer,et al.  Restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) Acute placebo-controlled sleep laboratory studies with clonazepam , 2001, European Neuropsychopharmacology.

[45]  R. Drucker-Colín,et al.  Sleep changes after 4 consecutive days of venlafaxine administration in normal volunteers. , 1997, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[46]  Richard P Allen,et al.  Restless legs syndrome: diagnostic criteria, special considerations, and epidemiology. A report from the restless legs syndrome diagnosis and epidemiology workshop at the National Institutes of Health. , 2003, Sleep medicine.

[47]  B. Ehrenberg,et al.  Valproate for sleep consolidation in periodic limb movement disorder. , 2000, Journal of clinical psychopharmacology.

[48]  B. Feige,et al.  Spectral analysis of sleep EEG in patients with restless legs syndrome , 2005, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[49]  J. Carrier,et al.  Effects of periodic leg movements during sleep in middle‐aged subjects without sleep complaints , 2005, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[50]  M. Pressman,et al.  Potential novel predictors of mortality in end-stage renal disease patients with sleep disorders. , 2000, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[51]  S. Lukas,et al.  Fluoxetine-Induced Sleep Disturbance in Depressed Patients , 1996, Neuropsychopharmacology.

[52]  M. Littner,et al.  The indications for polysomnography and related procedures. , 1997, Sleep.

[53]  G. Hajak,et al.  Influence of low-dose doxepin on periodic leg movements in sleep in primary insomnia patients , 2005 .

[54]  J. Montplaisir,et al.  The effects of L-dopa on periodic leg movements and sleep organization in narcolepsy. , 1989, Clinical neuropharmacology.

[55]  T. Roth,et al.  Sleep in lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder: a community-based polysomnographic study. , 2004, Archives of general psychiatry.

[56]  Bernd Feige,et al.  Variability of periodic leg movements in various sleep disorders: implications for clinical and pathophysiologic studies. , 2005, Sleep.

[57]  P. Hanly,et al.  Periodic limb movements during sleep in patients with congestive heart failure. , 1996, Chest.

[58]  C. Guilleminault,et al.  Sleep-related periodic myoclonus in patients complaining of insomnia. , 1975, Transactions of the American Neurological Association.

[59]  J. Fleetham,et al.  Periodic movements of the legs during sleep associated with rises in systemic blood pressure. , 1991, Sleep.

[60]  C. Kushida,et al.  Restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder. , 2004, The Medical clinics of North America.

[61]  G. Prado,et al.  Sleep disruption in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) patients: clinical and polysomnographic findings. , 2002, Sleep medicine.

[62]  O. Ozer,et al.  Restless legs syndrome induced by mirtazapine. , 2002, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[63]  V. Kirk,et al.  Periodic limb movements in children: prevalence in a referred population. , 2004, Sleep.

[64]  M. Ohayon,et al.  Prevalence of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in the general population. , 2002, Journal of psychosomatic research.

[65]  C. Shapiro,et al.  Treatment of periodic limb movements in sleep with selegiline HCl , 2002, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[66]  Y. Agid,et al.  Parkinson’s disease and sleepiness: An integral part of PD , 2002, Neurology.

[67]  C. Trenkwalder,et al.  Restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in the elderly. , 2004, Journal of psychosomatic research.

[68]  Mark W. Mahowald,et al.  Delayed emergence of a parkinsonian disorder in 38% of 29 older men initially diagnosed with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder , 1996, Neurology.

[69]  D F Kripke,et al.  Periodic limb movements in sleep in community-dwelling elderly. , 1991, Sleep.

[70]  R. Allen,et al.  Correlation between rating scales and sleep laboratory measurements in restless legs syndrome. , 2004, Sleep medicine.

[71]  P. Rompré,et al.  Immobilization tests and periodic leg movements in sleep for the diagnosis of restless leg syndrome , 1998, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[72]  S. Tufik,et al.  Reduction of periodic leg movement in individuals with paraplegia following aerobic physical exercise , 2002, Spinal Cord.

[73]  R. Smith Relationship of periodic movements in sleep (nocturnal myoclonus) and the Babinski sign. , 1985, Sleep.

[74]  N. Cobben,et al.  Sleep disturbances associated with periodic leg movements in chronic sarcoidosis. , 2004, Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG.

[75]  E. Heiman,et al.  Lithium-aggravated nocturnal myoclonus and restless legs syndrome. , 1986, The American journal of psychiatry.

[76]  A. Straube,et al.  Periodic limb movements during sleep are a frequent finding in patients with Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome , 1997, Journal of Neurology.

[77]  J. Montplaisir,et al.  The effects of pramipexole in REM sleep behavior disorder , 2003, Neurology.

[78]  S. Tufik,et al.  Comparison between dopaminergic agents and physical exercise as treatment for periodic limb movements in patients with spinal cord injury , 2004, Spinal Cord.

[79]  J. Montplaisir,et al.  Is Excessive Daytime Sleepiness with Periodic Leg Movements during Sleep a Specific Diagnostic Category? , 1998, European Neurology.

[80]  V. Mohsenin,et al.  Can periodic limb movement disorder be diagnosed without polysomnography? A case-control study. , 2003, Sleep medicine.

[81]  J. Montplaisir,et al.  The effects of L‐dopa on excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy , 1991, Neurology.

[82]  M. Carskadon,et al.  Nightly variation of periodic leg movements in sleep in middle aged and elderly individuals. , 1988, Archives of gerontology and geriatrics.

[83]  A. de Weerd,et al.  Activity patterns of leg muscles in periodic limb movement disorder , 2004, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry.

[84]  E. Lugaresi,et al.  Some periodic phenomena arising during drowsiness and sleep in man. , 1972, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[85]  J. Montplaisir,et al.  Restless Legs Syndrome: scoring criteria for leg movements recorded during the suggested immobilization test. , 2001, Sleep medicine.

[86]  M. Kryger,et al.  Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine , 1989 .

[87]  G. Lavigne,et al.  EEG and cardiac activation during periodic leg movements in sleep , 1999, Neurology.

[88]  W. Paulus,et al.  Why do restless legs occur at rest?—pathophysiology of neuronal structures in RLS. Neurophysiology of RLS (part 2) , 2004, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[89]  D F Kripke,et al.  Periodic leg movements during sleep and sleep disturbances in elders. , 1998, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[90]  R. Walter,et al.  MEASUREMENTS OF ALL‐NIGHT SLEEP IN NORMAL ELDERLY PERSONS: EFFECTS OF AGING * , 1967, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[91]  A. Besset,et al.  Are periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS) responsible for sleep disruption in insomnia patients? , 2000, European journal of neurology.

[92]  A. S. Baran,et al.  Change in periodic limb movement index during treatment of obstructive sleep apnea with continuous positive airway pressure. , 2003, Sleep.