Integrating technology into K-12 teaching and learning: current knowledge gaps and recommendations for future research

Although research studies in education show that use of technology can help student learning, its use is generally affected by certain barriers. In this paper, we first identify the general barriers typically faced by K-12 schools, both in the United States as well as other countries, when integrating technology into the curriculum for instructional purposes, namely: (a) resources, (b) institution, (c) subject culture, (d) attitudes and beliefs, (e) knowledge and skills, and (f) assessment. We then describe the strategies to overcome such barriers: (a) having a shared vision and technology integration plan, (b) overcoming the scarcity of resources, (c) changing attitudes and beliefs, (d) conducting professional development, and (e) reconsidering assessments. Finally, we identify several current knowledge gaps pertaining to the barriers and strategies of technology integration, and offer pertinent recommendations for future research.

[1]  Thomas A. Keenan Computers and education , 1964, CACM.

[2]  Classroom Management. Monograph in the Faculty of Education Research Seminar and Workshop Series. , 1983 .

[3]  R. Pea Beyond Amplification : Using the Computer to Reorganize Mental Functioning , 1985 .

[4]  J. Nespor The Role of Beliefs in the Practice of Teaching. , 1987 .

[5]  David W. Johnson,et al.  Implementing Cooperative Learning. , 1992 .

[6]  H. Walberg,et al.  Toward a Knowledge Base for School Learning , 1993 .

[7]  Dorothy L. Gabel,et al.  Handbook of Research on Science Teaching and Learning Project. , 1993 .

[8]  Ellen R. Bialo,et al.  Report on the effectiveness of technology in schools , 1994 .

[9]  J. Mangan,et al.  Subject Cultures and the Introduction of Classroom Computers. , 1995 .

[10]  Gary R. Morrison,et al.  Getting started in instructional technology research , 1995 .

[11]  Paul Rosenfeld,et al.  Responses on computer surveys: Impression management, social desirability, and the big brother syndrome , 1996 .

[12]  David C. Dwyer,et al.  Education and technology : reflections on computing in classrooms , 1996 .

[13]  V. Richardson The role of attitudes and beliefs in learning to teach , 1996 .

[14]  J. H. Sandholtz Teaching With Technology: Creating Student-Centered Classrooms , 1997 .

[15]  Dee L. Fabry,et al.  Barriers to the Effective Use of Technology in Education: Current Status , 1997 .

[16]  David Trafimow,et al.  Some Tests of the Distinction between Cognitive and Affective Beliefs , 1998 .

[17]  Peggy A. Ertmer Addressing first- and second-order barriers to change: Strategies for technology integration , 1999 .

[18]  L. Schrum Technology professional development for teachers , 1999 .

[19]  Ann L. Brown,et al.  How people learn: Brain, mind, experience, and school. , 1999 .

[20]  Peggy A. Ertmer,et al.  Examining Teachers’ Beliefs About the Role of Technology in the Elementary Classroom , 1999 .

[21]  Neil Selwyn,et al.  Differences in educational computer use: the influence of subject cultures , 1999 .

[22]  Tony Lawson,et al.  Superhighways technology: personnel factors leading to successful integration of information and communications technology in schools and colleges , 1999 .

[23]  Eloise Coupey,et al.  Belief, Affect, and Attitude: Alternative Models of the Determinants of Attitude , 2000 .

[24]  Patricia Rogers Barriers to Adopting Emerging Technologies in Education , 2000 .

[25]  Alan Bain,et al.  School Reengineering and SAT-I Performance: A Case Study , 2000 .

[26]  유창조 Naturalistic Inquiry , 2022, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Research Design.

[27]  Dorothy Williams,et al.  Teachers and ICT: current use and future needs , 2000, Br. J. Educ. Technol..

[28]  H. Becker Findings from the Teaching, Learning, and Computing Survey: Is Larry Cuban Right? , 2000 .

[29]  Claudia Flowers,et al.  Comparing social desirability responding on world wide web and paper-administered surveys , 2000, WebNet.

[30]  Yoram Eshet,et al.  A Model of Successful Technology Integration in a School System: Plano's Curriculum Integration Project , 2000 .

[31]  Thomas C. Reeves,et al.  Alternative Assessment Approaches for Online Learning Environments in Higher Education , 2000 .

[32]  Willem J. Pelgrum,et al.  Obstacles to the integration of ICT in education: results from a worldwide educational assessment , 2001, Comput. Educ..

[33]  Laura M. Desimone,et al.  What Makes Professional Development Effective? Results From a National Sample of Teachers , 2001 .

[34]  Hock-Hai Teo,et al.  Effective Use of Computer Aided Instruction in Secondary Schools: A Causal Model of Institutional Factors and Teachers' Roles , 2001 .

[35]  Sarah M. Butzin Using Instructional Technology in Transformed Learning Environments , 2001 .

[36]  Steven M. Ross,et al.  The influence of a peer-tutoring training model for implementing cooperative groupings with elementary students , 2001 .

[37]  Peggy A. Ertmer,et al.  Thrust into Technology: How Veteran Teachers Respond , 2001 .

[38]  C. Paul Newhouse A follow-up study of students using portable computers at a secondary school , 2001, Br. J. Educ. Technol..

[39]  Larry Cuban,et al.  High Access and Low Use of Technologies in High School Classrooms: Explaining an Apparent Paradox , 2001 .

[40]  Ray McGhee Making Learning Meaningful through Project-Based Learning Using Wireless Laptops in a K-5 Math, Science, and Technology Magnet School , 2001 .

[41]  D. Newman,et al.  Adopting Educational Technology: Implications for Designing Interventions , 2001 .

[42]  Barry J. Fishman,et al.  Bringing Urban Schools into the Information Age: Planning for Technology vs. Technology Planning , 2001 .

[43]  Erno Lehtinen,et al.  Teachers' information and communication technology (ICT) skills and practices of using ICT , 2001 .

[44]  Stephen G. Sheldon,et al.  Conditions for Classroom Technology Innovations , 2002, Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education.

[45]  Heather Lotherington,et al.  Factors contributing to teachers' successful implementation of IT , 2002, J. Comput. Assist. Learn..

[46]  C. Mouza Learning to Teach with New Technology , 2002 .

[47]  K. Sahl,et al.  Tracing Teachers’ Use of Technology in a Laptop Computer School: The Interplay of Teacher Beliefs, Social Dynamics, and Institutional Culture , 2002 .

[48]  John Schiller Interventions by school leaders in effective implementation of information and communications technology: perceptions of Australian principals , 2002 .

[49]  Kwok-Wing Lai,et al.  Computer Coordinators as Change Agents: Some New Zealand Observations. , 2002 .

[50]  Cher Ping Lim,et al.  Creating a Conducive Learning Environment for the Effective Integration of ICT: Classroom Management Issues , 2003 .

[51]  Aidan Mulkeen,et al.  What can policy makers do to encourage integration of information and communications technology? evidence from the irish school system , 2003 .

[52]  Christopher O'Mahony,et al.  Getting the information and communications technology formula right: access + ability = confident use , 2003 .

[53]  N. Law,et al.  ICT implementation and school leadership: Case studies of ICT integration in teaching and learning , 2003 .

[54]  C. Dawson,et al.  The Influence of Principals’ Technology Training on the Integration Of Technology into Schools , 2003 .

[55]  Steven M. Ross,et al.  When each one has one: The influences on teaching strategies and student achievement of using laptops in the classroom , 2003 .

[56]  Michael Russell,et al.  Technology and Assessment Study Collaborative , 2002 .

[57]  Laurence Rogers,et al.  Developing successful pedagogy with information and communications technology: how are science teachers meeting the challenge? , 2004 .

[58]  Sarah M. Butzin,et al.  Project CHILD: A Proven Model For the Integration of Computer and Curriculum in the Elementary Classroom , 2004 .

[59]  Laura M. O’Dwyer,et al.  Identifying Teacher, School and District Characteristics Associated with Elementary Teachers' Use of Technology:A Multilevel Perspective , 2004 .

[60]  A. Onwuegbuzie,et al.  Mixed Methods Research: A Research Paradigm Whose Time Has Come , 2004 .

[61]  Penni Tearle,et al.  A theoretical and instrumental framework for implementing change in ICT in education , 2004 .

[62]  Brad Hokanson,et al.  Integrating Technology in Classrooms: We Have Met the Enemy and He is Us , 2004 .

[63]  B. Fraser,et al.  Learning environments in information and communications technology classrooms , 2004 .

[64]  Mark Schneiderman What Does SBR Mean for Education Technology , 2004 .

[65]  J. H. Sandholtz,et al.  Teachers, Not Technicians: Rethinking Technical Expectations for Teachers , 2004, Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education.

[66]  Karen Swan,et al.  Examining the Potential of Handheld Computers: Findings from the Ohio PEP Project , 2004 .

[67]  Peggy A. Ertmer Teacher pedagogical beliefs: The final frontier in our quest for technology integration? , 2005 .

[68]  Weiping Wang,et al.  Computers on wheels: an alternative to 'each one has one' , 2005, Br. J. Educ. Technol..

[69]  Elizabeth Shaunessy Assessing and Addressing: Teachers' Attitudes toward Information Technology in the Gifted Classroom , 2005 .

[70]  Yiasemina Karagiorgi Throwing Light into the Black Box of Implementation: ICT in Cyprus Elementary Schools , 2005 .

[71]  Curtis J. Bonk,et al.  The Tickit to Teacher Learning: Designing Professional Development According to Situative Principles , 2005 .

[72]  Robert Fox,et al.  Understanding Teacher Mindsets: IT and Change in Hong Kong Schools , 2005, J. Educ. Technol. Soc..

[73]  S. Hennessy,et al.  Teacher perspectives on integrating ICT into subject teaching: commitment, constraints, caution, and change , 2005 .

[74]  Joan E. Hughes,et al.  The Role of Teacher Knowledge and Learning Experiences in Forming Technology-Integrated Pedagogy , 2005 .

[75]  Cher Ping Lim,et al.  Managing Teachers’ Barriers to ICT Integration in Singapore Schools , 2006 .

[76]  Philip C. Abrami,et al.  Ubiquitous technology integration in Canadian public schools: Year one study , 2006 .

[77]  Laurie Brantley-Dias,et al.  An Analysis of Collaboration between Colleges of Education and Arts & Sciences in PT3 , 2006 .

[78]  Yasemin Gülbahar,et al.  Technology planning: A roadmap to successful technology integration in schools , 2007, Comput. Educ..

[79]  张来春(编译) 美国《教育周刊》Technology Counts三年追踪 , 2007 .

[80]  Charalambos Vrasidas,et al.  Proceedings of World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications , 2008 .