This document supports its development in the application of agricultural policies in Ecuador, and its intention to prioritize the socio economic development of the small peasant farmer to analyze mentioned problem was sought to determine the state intervention in the policy development under the criteria of land tenure, water management, technological development, financing and agricultural development. To establish a descriptive approach to agricultural policy and its search to settle a pending historical debt, implemented a kind of descriptive research of non-experimental design generating the study of an existing problem, understanding this as the state’s intervention for the development of the small agricultural producer. The evolution of the agricultural policy under the aforementioned criteria was assessed in a descriptive way. The resulting research shows the low incidence of the Ecuadorian agricultural policy on the peasant family farm producer despite attempts to pay the social debt that Ecuador has over the rural population.