Vulvar malignant melanoma: Pathogenesis, clinical behaviour and management: Review of the literature.

[1]  B. Dréno,et al.  BRAF mutations might be more common than supposed in vulvar melanomas , 2018, Experimental dermatology.

[2]  B. Dréno,et al.  Are checkpoint inhibitors a valuable option for metastatic or unresectable vulvar and vaginal melanomas? , 2018, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV.

[3]  L. Thomas,et al.  Mucosal melanoma: clinical, histological and c‐kit gene mutational profile of 86 French cases , 2017, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV.

[4]  Dafydd G. Thomas,et al.  Gynecologic melanomas: A clinicopathologic and molecular analysis. , 2017, Gynecologic oncology.

[5]  S. Puig,et al.  KIT mutations and CD117 overexpression are markers of better progression‐free survival in vulvar melanomas , 2017, The British journal of dermatology.

[6]  D. Schadendorf,et al.  Overall Survival with Combined Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma , 2017, The New England journal of medicine.

[7]  P. Ascierto,et al.  Adjuvant Nivolumab versus Ipilimumab in Resected Stage III or IV Melanoma , 2017, The New England journal of medicine.

[8]  J. Utikal,et al.  Prognostic factors and treatment outcomes in 444 patients with mucosal melanoma. , 2017, European journal of cancer.

[9]  W. Guo,et al.  The clinical significance of c-Kit mutations in metastatic oral mucosal melanoma in China , 2017, Oncotarget.

[10]  R. Feldman,et al.  Vulvar and vaginal melanoma: A unique subclass of mucosal melanoma based on a comprehensive molecular analysis of 51 cases compared with 2253 cases of nongynecologic melanoma , 2017, Cancer.

[11]  G. Botti,et al.  Mucosal melanoma of the head and neck. , 2017, Critical reviews in oncology/hematology.

[12]  C. Berking,et al.  Efficacy and safety of nilotinib in patients with KIT-mutated metastatic or inoperable melanoma: final results from the global, single-arm, phase II TEAM trial , 2017, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[13]  M. Ross,et al.  Tumor Thickness and Mitotic Rate Robustly Predict Melanoma-Specific Survival in Patients with Primary Vulvar Melanoma: A Retrospective Review of 100 Cases , 2016, Clinical Cancer Research.

[14]  A. Hauschild,et al.  Prolonged Survival in Stage III Melanoma with Ipilimumab Adjuvant Therapy. , 2016, The New England journal of medicine.

[15]  M. van der Aa,et al.  Rare vulvar malignancies; incidence, treatment and survival in the Netherlands. , 2016, Gynecologic oncology.

[16]  G. Bogani,et al.  Surgical Management and Prognostic Factors of Vulvovaginal Melanoma , 2016, Journal of lower genital tract disease.

[17]  I. Zapardiel,et al.  Prognostic Factors of Recurrence and Survival in Vulvar Melanoma: Subgroup Analysis of the VULvar CANcer Study , 2016, International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer.

[18]  N. Lee,et al.  Localized sinonasal mucosal melanoma: Outcomes and associations with stage, radiotherapy, and positron emission tomography response , 2016, Head & neck.

[19]  R. Sullivan,et al.  Primary genitourinary melanoma: Epidemiology and disease-specific survival in a large population-based cohort. , 2016, Urologic oncology.

[20]  A. Shoushtari,et al.  Combined immunotherapy and radiation for treatment of mucosal melanomas of the lower genital tract , 2016, Gynecologic oncology reports.

[21]  S. Kamel‐Reid,et al.  Malignant Melanoma of Vulva and Vagina: A Histomorphological Review and Mutation Analysis—A Single-Center Study , 2015, Journal of lower genital tract disease.

[22]  R. Fisher,et al.  Adjuvant lymph-node field radiotherapy versus observation only in patients with melanoma at high risk of further lymph-node field relapse after lymphadenectomy (ANZMTG 01.02/TROG 02.01): 6-year follow-up of a phase 3, randomised controlled trial. , 2015, The Lancet. Oncology.

[23]  J. Larkin,et al.  Pembrolizumab versus Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma. , 2015, The New England journal of medicine.

[24]  S. Vitale,et al.  Recent trends in surgical and reconstructive management of vulvar cancer: review of literature , 2015, Updates in Surgery.

[25]  U. Wollina,et al.  Vulvar cancer: a review for dermatologists , 2015, Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift.

[26]  J. Inthout,et al.  Clitoral involvement of squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: localization with the worst prognosis. , 2015, European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology.

[27]  W. Jonat,et al.  Vulvar cancer: epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management options , 2015, International journal of women's health.

[28]  L. Harrison,et al.  Mucosal melanoma of the head and neck: a systematic review of the literature. , 2014, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[29]  D. Polsky,et al.  Vulvar nevi, melanosis, and melanoma: an epidemiologic, clinical, and histopathologic review. , 2014, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[30]  C. Claussen,et al.  Primary Localization and Tumor Thickness as Prognostic Factors of Survival in Patients with Mucosal Melanoma , 2014, PloS one.

[31]  E. Åvall-Lundqvist,et al.  Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup (GCIG) Consensus Review for Vulvovaginal Melanomas , 2014, International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer.

[32]  J. Larkin,et al.  Management of melanomas of the gynaecological tract , 2014, Current opinion in oncology.

[33]  M. Heinrich,et al.  Oncogenic mutations in melanomas and benign melanocytic nevi of the female genital tract. , 2014, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[34]  L. Elit,et al.  Trends in incidence and survival of women with invasive vulvar cancer in the United States and Canada: a population-based study. , 2014, Gynecologic oncology.

[35]  Y. Xiong,et al.  Malignant melanoma of the vagina: A case report and review of the literature , 2014, Oncology letters.

[36]  G. McArthur,et al.  Ipilimumab in pretreated patients with unresectable or metastatic cutaneous, uveal and mucosal melanoma , 2014, The Medical journal of Australia.

[37]  J. Bovée,et al.  NRAS mutations are more prevalent than KIT mutations in melanoma of the female urogenital tract--a study of 24 cases from the Netherlands. , 2014, Gynecologic oncology.

[38]  R. Weber,et al.  The role of adjuvant radiotherapy in the local management of desmoplastic melanoma , 2014, Cancer.

[39]  P. Schirmacher,et al.  Comparison of molecular abnormalities in vulvar and vaginal melanomas , 2014, Modern Pathology.

[40]  N. Hacker,et al.  A clinicopathological review of 33 patients with vulvar melanoma identifies c-KIT as a prognostic marker , 2014, International journal of molecular medicine.

[41]  R. Elashoff,et al.  Final trial report of sentinel-node biopsy versus nodal observation in melanoma. , 2014, The New England journal of medicine.

[42]  Wentao Yang,et al.  Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Vagina: A Retrospective Clinicopathologic Study of 44 Cases , 2014, International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer.

[43]  A. D. Van den Abbeele,et al.  Imatinib for melanomas harboring mutationally activated or amplified KIT arising on mucosal, acral, and chronically sun-damaged skin. , 2013, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[44]  Shannon C. Trotter,et al.  A Global Review of Melanoma Follow-up Guidelines. , 2013, The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology.

[45]  C. Cui,et al.  Phase II Randomized Trial Comparing High-Dose IFN-α2b with Temozolomide Plus Cisplatin as Systemic Adjuvant Therapy for Resected Mucosal Melanoma , 2013, Clinical Cancer Research.

[46]  S. Mocellin,et al.  Interferon alpha for the adjuvant treatment of cutaneous melanoma. , 2013, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[47]  A. Weaver,et al.  Vulvar and vaginal melanoma: case series and review of current management options including neoadjuvant chemotherapy. , 2013, Gynecologic oncology.

[48]  O. Colegio,et al.  Molecularly targeted therapies for melanoma , 2013, International journal of dermatology.

[49]  C. Garbe,et al.  The role of radiotherapy in the overall treatment of melanoma. , 2013, Clinics in dermatology.

[50]  R. Ali-Fehmi,et al.  Vulvar/Vaginal Melanoma: An Updated Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Database Review, Comparison With Cutaneous Melanoma and Significance of Racial Disparities , 2013, International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer.

[51]  A. Hauschild,et al.  Cutaneous melanoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. , 2012, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[52]  A. Abernethy,et al.  Clinicopathologic study of 85 cases of melanoma of the female genitalia. , 2012, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[53]  Donald L Weaver,et al.  Sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma: American Society of Clinical Oncology and Society of Surgical Oncology joint clinical practice guideline. , 2012, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[54]  R. Dummer,et al.  Sinonasal, genital and acrolentiginous melanomas show distinct characteristics of KIT expression and mutations. , 2012, European journal of cancer.

[55]  A. Seth,et al.  KIT Gene Mutations and Patterns of Protein Expression in Mucosal and Acral Melanoma , 2012, Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery.

[56]  S. O’Day,et al.  Sunitinib Therapy for Melanoma Patients with KIT Mutations , 2012, Clinical Cancer Research.

[57]  R. Braun,et al.  Updated Swiss guidelines for the treatment and follow-up of cutaneous melanoma. , 2011, Swiss medical weekly.

[58]  D. Mutch,et al.  Malignant melanoma of the vulva: an extension of cutaneous melanoma? , 2011, Gynecologic oncology.

[59]  L. Kanter‐Lewensohn,et al.  KIT Pathway Alterations in Mucosal Melanomas of the Vulva and Other Sites , 2011, Clinical Cancer Research.

[60]  C. Antonescu,et al.  KIT as a therapeutic target in metastatic melanoma. , 2011, JAMA.

[61]  S. Mount,et al.  Unusual neoplasms of the vulva , 2010 .

[62]  L. Gilain,et al.  Sinonasal mucosal melanomas. , 2010, European annals of otorhinolaryngology, head and neck diseases.

[63]  D. Rosenthal,et al.  Mucosal melanoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses, a contemporary experience from the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , 2010, Cancer.

[64]  P. Strojan Role of radiotherapy in melanoma management , 2010, Radiology and oncology.

[65]  L. Travaini,et al.  Sentinel node detection by lymphoscintigraphy and sentinel lymph node biopsy in vulvar melanoma , 2010, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[66]  S. Woodman,et al.  Correlation between KIT expression and KIT mutation in melanoma: a study of 173 cases with emphasis on the acral-lentiginous/mucosal type , 2009, Modern Pathology.

[67]  Ning Li,et al.  Primary malignant amelanotic melanoma of the female genital tract: report of two cases and review of literature. , 2009, Melanoma research.

[68]  A. Hauschild,et al.  Surgery and radiotherapy in the treatment of cutaneous melanoma , 2009, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[69]  B. Piura Management of primary melanoma of the female urogenital tract. , 2008, The Lancet. Oncology.

[70]  J. Chan,et al.  Management of melanomas of the female genital tract , 2008, Current opinion in oncology.

[71]  P. Buccini,et al.  Vulvar melanoma: a report of 10 cases and review of the literature , 2008, Melanoma research.

[72]  J. Berek,et al.  Vulvar Melanoma: A Multivariable Analysis of 644 Patients , 2007, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[73]  R. Woolas,et al.  Utility of sentinel node biopsy in vulvar and vaginal melanoma: report of two cases and review of the literature. , 2007, International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society.

[74]  J. Ordi,et al.  Validation and application of the sentinel lymph node concept in malignant vulvar tumours , 2007, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[75]  R. Dummer,et al.  Randomized dose-escalation study evaluating peginterferon alfa-2a in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. , 2006, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[76]  S. Leung,et al.  BRAF and NRAS mutations are uncommon in melanomas arising in diverse internal organs , 2005, Journal of Clinical Pathology.

[77]  Kevin B. Kim,et al.  Biochemotherapy in patients with advanced vulvovaginal mucosal melanoma , 2004, Melanoma research.

[78]  B. Ragnarsson-Olding Primary malignant melanoma of the vulva An aggressive tumor for modeling the genesis of Non-UV light-associated melanomas , 2004, Acta oncologica.

[79]  D. Sidransky,et al.  Exon 15 BRAF Mutations Are Uncommon in Melanomas Arising in Nonsun-Exposed Sites , 2004, Clinical Cancer Research.

[80]  B. Weber,et al.  Absence of BRAF mutations in UV-protected mucosal melanomas , 2004, Journal of Medical Genetics.

[81]  Jennifer L. Schwartz,et al.  Vulvar melanoma: a report of 20 cases and review of the literature. , 2004, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[82]  D. Cella,et al.  Vulvar cancer patients' quality of life: a qualitative assessment , 2004, International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer.

[83]  Jennifer L. Schwartz,et al.  Vulvar Melanoma: Review of Diagnosis, Staging, and Therapy , 2004, Journal of lower genital tract disease.

[84]  T. Calcaterra,et al.  Efficacy of radiation therapy in the local control of desmoplastic malignant melanoma , 2003, Head & neck.

[85]  C. Slingluff,et al.  Sentinel node biopsy in vulvar and vaginal melanoma: Presentation of six cases and a literature review , 2002, Annals of Surgical Oncology.

[86]  Joanne A. de Hullu,et al.  Vulvar melanoma , 2002, Cancer.

[87]  M. Stoler,et al.  Vulvar melanoma: a retrospective analysis and literature review. , 2001, Gynecologic oncology.

[88]  Martin F. Mihm,et al.  Final version of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for cutaneous melanoma. , 2001, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[89]  M. Ross,et al.  Vulvar melanoma at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center: 25 years later , 2001, International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer.

[90]  D. Paladini,et al.  Prognostic Indicators in Melanoma of the Vulva , 2000, Annals of Surgical Oncology.

[91]  C. Dunton,et al.  Vulvar melanoma, biologically different from other cutaneous melanomas , 1999, The Lancet.

[92]  O. Schneegans,et al.  Sentinel node biopsy in vulvar malignancies: a preliminary feasibility study. , 1999, Oncology reports.

[93]  L. Kanter‐Lewensohn,et al.  Malignant melanoma of the vulva in a nationwide, 25‐year study of 219 Swedish females , 1999, Cancer.

[94]  H. Menck,et al.  A survey of hospital management practices for vulvar melanoma. , 1999, Journal of the American College of Surgeons.

[95]  L. Rice,et al.  Malignant melanoma of the vagina and locoregional control: radical surgery revisited. , 1998, Gynecologic oncology.

[96]  U. Ringborg,et al.  N-ras mutations are common in melanomas from sun-exposed skin of humans but rare in mucosal membranes or unexposed skin. , 1998, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[97]  D. Tyler,et al.  Mucosal melanoma of the female genitalia: a clinicopathologic study of forty-three cases at Duke University Medical Center. , 1998, Surgery.

[98]  C. Jackisch,et al.  Malignant melanoma of the vulva: Report of 89 patients , 1996 .

[99]  K. Ang,et al.  Radiation therapy for malignant melanoma. , 1996, The Surgical clinics of North America.

[100]  M. Ross,et al.  Intraoperative lymphatic mapping for vulvar cancer , 1994, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[101]  B. Bundy,et al.  Malignant melanoma of the vulva treated by radical hemivulvectomy. A prospective study of the gynecologic oncology group , 1994, Cancer.

[102]  A. Lopes,et al.  Malignant melanoma of the vulva: A clinicopathologic study of 18 cases , 1992, Journal of surgical oncology.

[103]  E. P. van der Esch,et al.  A clinicopathological study of 30 melanomas of the vulva , 1992, Gynecologic oncology.

[104]  E. Trimble,et al.  Management of vulvar melanoma. , 1992, Gynecologic oncology.

[105]  D. Figge Rare vulvar malignancies , 1991 .

[106]  C. McConkey,et al.  Malignant melanoma of the vulva: a clinicopathological study of 50 women , 1990, British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.

[107]  J. Benda,et al.  Malignant Melanoma of the Vulva: A Clinical‐Pathologic Review of 16 Cases , 1986, International journal of gynecological pathology : official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists.

[108]  D. Ahmann,et al.  Phase II trials of recombinant leukocyte A interferon in disseminated malignant melanoma: results in 96 patients. , 1986, Cancer treatment reports.

[109]  K. Podratz,et al.  Melanoma of the vulva: an update. , 1983, Gynecologic oncology.

[110]  P. Disaia,et al.  An alternate approach to early cancer of the vulva. , 1979, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[111]  J. Woodruff,et al.  Malignant melanoma of the vulva: A report of 44 cases. , 1975, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[112]  R. Scolyer,et al.  Melanoma of the Vulva and Vagina: Principles of Staging and Their Relevance to Management Based on a Clinicopathologic Analysis of 85 Cases , 2015, Annals of surgical oncology.

[113]  S. Vlajković,et al.  Primary mucosal melanomas: a comprehensive review. , 2012, International journal of clinical and experimental pathology.

[114]  G. C. Guimarães,et al.  Melanoma de vulva: Relato de onze casos e revisão da literatura , 2010 .

[115]  R. Neves,et al.  Vulvar melanoma: report on eleven cases and review of the literature. , 2010, Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina.

[116]  M. Ballo,et al.  Radiation therapy for malignant melanoma. , 2003, The Surgical clinics of North America.

[117]  V. Abeler,et al.  Malignant melanoma of the vulva. Evaluation of prognostic factors with emphasis on DNA ploidy in 75 patients , 1995, Cancer.