Impact of Vibration on the Surface Film of Lithium-Ion Cells

Cylindrical 18650-type lithium-ion cells are being utilized more often for automotive applications. This introduces error in calculating expected lifetime due to varied usage conditions accelerating or reducing material damage. One such usage condition is vibration, which has been shown to impact the electrical performance over extended periods. Within this study X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been performed on nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) cells subjected to vibration. This study found that vibration causes the removal of the selectively-formed surface film created during a cell’s first cycles and replaces it with the surface film from electrolyte decomposition. The surface films formed by vibration are composed of much higher concentrations of organic electrolyte decomposition products than the film from the control cell. The impact of this chemical mechanism is an increased level of cell degradation. This is exhibited in increased capacity fade and cell impedance. This is the first study presented within the academic literature which has identified an electro-mechanical mechanism responsible for the performance degradation in lithium-ion cells from vibration.

[1]  Ravi Kharul,et al.  Methodology for Accelerated Vibration Durability Test on Electrodynamic Shaker , 2006 .

[2]  Rémi Dedryvère,et al.  Surface film formation on a graphite electrode in Li‐ion batteries: AFM and XPS study , 2005 .

[3]  James Marco,et al.  Experimental modal analysis of lithium-ion pouch cells , 2015 .

[4]  James Marco,et al.  Vibration Durability Testing of Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC) Lithium-Ion 18,650 Battery Cells , 2016 .

[5]  Tomasz Wierzbicki,et al.  Characterization of plasticity and fracture of shell casing of lithium-ion cylindrical battery , 2015 .

[6]  D. Aurbach.  Review of selected electrode–solution interactions which determine the performance of Li and Li ion batteries , 2000 .

[7]  Doron Aurbach,et al.  A Comparative Study of Synthetic Graphite and Li Electrodes in Electrolyte Solutions Based on Ethylene Carbonate‐Dimethyl Carbonate Mixtures , 1996 .

[8]  Sylvie Grugeon,et al.  XPS Identification of the Organic and Inorganic Components of the Electrode/Electrolyte Interface Formed on a Metallic Cathode , 2005 .

[9]  T. Wierzbicki,et al.  Characterizing and modeling mechanical properties and onset of short circuit for three types of lithium-ion pouch cells , 2014 .

[10]  Yong-Sheng Hu,et al.  Experimental and theoretical studies on reduction mechanism of vinyl ethylene carbonate on graphite anode for lithium ion batteries , 2004 .

[11]  A. Halfpenny.  METHODS FOR ACCELERATING DYNAMIC DURABILITY TESTS , 2006 .

[12]  Ali Karbassian,et al.  Accelerated Vibration Durability Testing of a Pickup Truck Rear Bed , 2009 .

[13]  Ilya Avdeev,et al.  Structural analysis and experimental characterization of cylindrical lithium-ion battery cells subject to lateral impact , 2014 .

[14]  K. Takagi,et al.  Ionic liquids containing carbonate solvent as electrolytes for lithium ion cells , 2004 .

[15]  Remi Petibon,et al.  Studies of the Effect of Varying Vinylene Carbonate (VC) Content in Lithium Ion Cells on Cycling Performance and Cell Impedance , 2013 .

[16]  Pontus Svens,et al.  Methods for Testing and Analyzing Lithium-Ion Battery Cells intended for Heavy-Duty Hybrid Electric Vehicles , 2014 .

[17]  Lars Greve,et al.  Mechanical testing and macro-mechanical finite element simulation of the deformation, fracture, and short circuit initiation of cylindrical Lithium ion battery cells , 2012 .

[18]  Xuning Feng,et al.  Characterization of penetration induced thermal runaway propagation process within a large format lithium ion battery module , 2015 .

[19]  Andreas Jossen,et al.  Effects of vibrations and shocks on lithium-ion cells , 2015 .

[20]  Yi Cui,et al.  Mechanical behavior of electrochemically lithiated silicon , 2015 .

[21]  Jun-ichi Yamaki,et al.  Decomposition reaction of LiPF6-based electrolytes for lithium ion cells , 2006 .

[22]  Anna G. Stefanopoulou,et al.  Rate dependence of swelling in lithium-ion cells , 2014 .

[23]  Martin Winter,et al.  XPS studies of graphite electrode materials for lithium ion batteries , 2000 .

[24]  Doron Aurbach,et al.  Challenges in the development of advanced Li-ion batteries: a review , 2011 .

[25]  David Yoon,et al.  Fatigue life evaluation of mechanical components using vibration fatigue analysis technique , 2011 .

[26]  D. Aurbacha,et al.  On the correlation between surface chemistry and performance of graphite negative electrodes for Li ion batteries , 1999 .