Synthesis of ratiometric fluorescent nanoparticles for sensing oxygen

AbstractA facile reprecipitation-encapsulation method is used for the preparation of ratiometric fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) for sensing intracellular oxygen. The surface of the NPs is modified in-situ with poly-L-lysine, which renders good biocompatibility and enables easy internalization into living cells. The sensor NPs contain a red fluorescent probe whose fluorescence is sensitive to oxygen with a quenching response of 77 % on going from nitrogen saturation to oxygen saturation, and a reference dye giving a green signal that acts as an oxygen-independent reference. The ratio of the two emissions serves as the analytical information and is sensitive to dissolved oxygen in the 0–43 ppm concentration range. When incorporated into cells, the ratio of the signals increases by 400 % on going from oxygen-saturated to oxygen-free environment. FigureDissolved oxygen could be visually detected using the ratiometric nanoparticles. Under single-wavelength excitation, red fluorescence is highly sensitive to oxygen, whereas green fluorescence keeps constantly.

[1]  Till Acker,et al.  Cellular oxygen sensing need in CNS function: physiological and pathological implications , 2004, Journal of Experimental Biology.

[2]  Raoul Kopelman,et al.  Fluorescent nano-PEBBLE sensors designed for intracellular glucose imaging. , 2002, The Analyst.

[3]  B. MacCraith,et al.  Tailoring of sol-gel films for optical sensing of oxygen in gas and aqueous phase. , 1998, Analytical chemistry.

[4]  Otto S. Wolfbeis,et al.  Self-referenced RGB colour imaging of intracellular oxygen , 2011 .

[5]  Bao-hang Han,et al.  Oxygen Sensors Based on Mesoporous Silica Particles on Layer-by-Layer Self-assembled Films , 2005 .

[6]  C. Koch,et al.  Prognostic significance of tumor oxygenation in humans. , 2003, Cancer letters.

[7]  M. Dewhirst,et al.  A dual-emissive-materials design concept enables tumour hypoxia imaging. , 2009, Nature materials.

[8]  Younan Xia,et al.  Cover Picture: Shape‐Controlled Synthesis of Metal Nanocrystals: Simple Chemistry Meets Complex Physics? (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1/2009) , 2009 .

[9]  Benjamin A. DeGraff,et al.  Applications of Luminescent Transition Platinum Group Metal Complexes to Sensor Technology and Molecular Probes , 2001 .

[10]  Changfeng Wu,et al.  Highly luminescent Eu3+ chelate nanoparticles prepared by a reprecipitation-encapsulation method. , 2007, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[11]  E. Allard,et al.  Core‐shell type dually fluorescent polymer nanoparticles for ratiometric pH‐sensing , 2008 .

[12]  Xu-dong Wang,et al.  Reversible optical sensor strip for oxygen. , 2008, Angewandte Chemie.

[13]  Raoul Kopelman,et al.  Real-time measurements of dissolved oxygen inside live cells by organically modified silicate fluorescent nanosensors. , 2004, Analytical chemistry.

[14]  O. Wolfbeis,et al.  Luminescent sensing of oxygen using a quenchable probe and upconverting nanoparticles. , 2011, Angewandte Chemie.

[15]  I. Klimant,et al.  Luminescent nanobeads for optical sensing and imaging of dissolved oxygen , 2008 .

[16]  Y. Amao,et al.  Probes and Polymers for Optical Sensing of Oxygen , 2003 .

[17]  Colette McDonagh,et al.  Optical chemical sensors. , 2008, Chemical reviews.

[18]  H. Clark,et al.  Optochemical Nanosensors and Subcellular Applications in Living Cells , 1999 .

[19]  P. Vaupel,et al.  Tumor hypoxia in pelvic recurrences of cervical cancer , 1998, International journal of cancer.

[20]  Hong Gu,et al.  Synthesis and Characterization of Ratiometric, pH Sensing Nanoparticles with Covalently Attached Fluorescent Dyes , 2006 .

[21]  J. López-Barneo,et al.  Cellular mechanism of oxygen sensing. , 2001, Annual review of physiology.

[22]  Barry L. Mordike,et al.  Distribution of Ion-Implanted Nitrogen in Iron Alloys Investigated by AES , 2000, Microchimica Acta.

[23]  G. Kränzlein.  Zum 100 jährigen Gedächtnis der Arbeiten von F. F. Runge , 1935 .

[24]  O. Wolfbeis,et al.  Ratiometric fluorescent nanoparticles for sensing temperature , 2010 .

[25]  Ingo Klimant,et al.  Intracellular O2 sensing probe based on cell-penetrating phosphorescent nanoparticles. , 2011, ACS nano.

[26]  Sergei A Vinogradov,et al.  Phosphorescent oxygen sensor with dendritic protection and two-photon absorbing antenna. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[27]  S M Evans,et al.  Noninvasive imaging of the distribution in oxygen in tissue in vivo using near-infrared phosphors. , 1996, Biophysical journal.

[28]  Changfeng Wu,et al.  Ratiometric single-nanoparticle oxygen sensors for biological imaging. , 2009, Angewandte Chemie.

[29]  P. Hartmann,et al.  Effects of polymer matrices on calibration functions of luminescent oxygen sensors based on porphyrin ketone complexes. , 1996, Analytical chemistry.

[30]  Otto S. Wolfbeis,et al.  Luminescent Europium(III) Nanoparticles for Sensing and Imaging of Temperature in the Physiological Range , 2010, Advanced materials.