Particle Swarm Optimization-based dummy sub-carriers insertion for peak to average power ratio reduction in OFDM systems

Abstract Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is the best choice for wireless and wired high data rate communications. The OFDM system has many advantages such as high spectral efficiency, robustness to channel fading, and immunity to impulse interference. However, it has a main drawback, which is the Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). Selecting Mapping (SLM) and Partial Transmit Sequences (PTS) are the two essential techniques for reducing the PAPR; however, they need to send side information to indicate how the transmitter generates signals. In this paper, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-based dummy sub-carriers are inserted with the data to reduce PAPR without transmitting side information. The incorporation of PSO-based Dummy Sub-carriers Insertion (DSI) method on this system is performed by measuring the PAPR at the IFFT output (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) after adding 6 adaptive sub-carrier sequences to the input data of IFFT. The PSO-based dummy algorithm decides to send the data once the PAPR of this data sequence and dummy sub-carrier is under a specific threshold. Using MATLAB as a mathematical simulation tool, simulation results are presented for a standard OFDM network model. The network model has been simulated in an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel environment to investigate PAPR and Bit-Error Rate (BER) performance. The simulation results show that the dummy sequence based on PSO reduces PAPR down to 4 dB compared to a conventional OFDM system and down to 3 dB compared with the clipping technique for the same BER performance.

[1]  Yasir Rahmatallah,et al.  Peak-To-Average Power Ratio Reduction in OFDM Systems: A Survey And Taxonomy , 2013, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[2]  V. Sudha,et al.  Low complexity PAPR reduction in SLM-OFDM system using time domain sequence separation , 2018 .

[3]  Dov Wulich,et al.  Reduction of peak to mean ratio of multicarrier modulation using cyclic coding , 1996 .

[4]  Ramjee Prasad,et al.  OFDM for Wireless Multimedia Communications , 1999 .

[5]  J. Huber,et al.  OFDM with reduced peak-to-average power ratio by optimum combination of partial transmit sequences , 1997 .

[6]  Borhanuddin Mohd Ali,et al.  A low complexity partial transmit sequence scheme by use of dummy signals for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics.

[7]  Abbas Ali Sharifi,et al.  PAPR reduction in OFDM systems: An efficient PTS approach based on particle swarm optimization , 2019, ICT Express.

[8]  Abbas Ali Sharifi,et al.  A novel hybrid genetic algorithm to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio of OFDM signals , 2019, Comput. Electr. Eng..

[9]  Abbas Ali Sharifi,et al.  A novel ant colony optimization algorithm for PAPR reduction of OFDM signals , 2021, Int. J. Commun. Syst..

[10]  Shiyuan Yang,et al.  Stochastic convergence analysis and parameter selection of the standard particle swarm optimization algorithm , 2007, Inf. Process. Lett..

[11]  Russell C. Eberhart,et al.  A new optimizer using particle swarm theory , 1995, MHS'95. Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Micro Machine and Human Science.

[12]  Frans van den Bergh,et al.  An analysis of particle swarm optimizers , 2002 .

[13]  Péter Horváth,et al.  PAPR Reduction of FBMC by Clipping and Its Iterative Compensation , 2012, J. Comput. Networks Commun..

[14]  Heung-Gyoon Ryu,et al.  Dummy sequence insertion (DSI) for PAPR reduction in the OFDM communication system , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics.

[15]  Sanjana Prasad,et al.  PAPR reduction in OFDM using scaled particle swarm optimisation based partial transmit sequence technique , 2019 .

[16]  Hojjat Emami,et al.  A novel bio-inspired optimization algorithm for solving peak-to-average power ratio problem in DC-biased optical systems , 2020 .

[17]  Bing Xue,et al.  A New Binary Particle Swarm Optimization Approach: Momentum and Dynamic Balance Between Exploration and Exploitation , 2021, IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics.

[18]  Asrar U. H. Sheikh,et al.  Low-Complexity Particle Swarm Optimization for Time-Critical Applications , 2014, ArXiv.

[19]  D. Sriramkumar,et al.  Low-complexity modified SLM method for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems , 2015, 2015 2nd International Conference on Electronics and Communication Systems (ICECS).

[20]  Anuar,et al.  Implementation of Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithms to Tackle the PAPR Problem of OFDM System , 2020 .