Is the test of senior friendly/child resistant packaging ethical?

Research has documented the drastic reduction of unintentional poisonings of children since the introduction of child resistant (CR) packaging. However, studies also indicate that consumers report difficulty using CR packages, in part because tests which determine the ‘senior friendliness’ of CR designs that are used throughout the world disallow people with ‘overt or obvious’ disabilities from being test subjects. Our review of drug package usability suggests that the current tests of CR packaging can and should be revised to correct this problem. We use US legislation, regulation and data to exemplify these points, but the conclusions are applicable to all protocols that include the exclusionary provision.

[1]  S Quick,et al.  International data base. , 1984, POPIN bulletin.

[2]  P. Brooks,et al.  Study of opening medicine bottles in patients with rheumatoid arthritis , 1976 .

[3]  G. B. Rodgers The effectiveness of child-resistant packaging for aspirin. , 2002, Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine.

[4]  Mark E. Williams,et al.  Quantifying the Ease or Difficulty Older Persons Experience in Opening Medication Containers , 1988, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[5]  U.S.L. Nayak Can older adults use child resistant closures , 2002 .

[6]  R Coleman,et al.  A demographic overview of the ageing of First World populations. , 1993, Applied ergonomics.

[7]  W. W. Walton,et al.  Effect of safety packaging on aspirin ingestion by children. , 1979, Pediatrics.

[8]  R. Grahame,et al.  Problems for rheumatic patients in opening dispensed drug containers. , 1983, British journal of rheumatology.

[9]  A. Schuna,et al.  Assessment of Geriatric Patients' Functional Ability to Take Medication , 1989, DICP : the annals of pharmacotherapy.

[10]  G. Shenfield,et al.  Functional ability of patients to manage medication packaging: a survey of geriatric inpatients. , 1994, Age and ageing.

[11]  J. Warach,et al.  Child-resistant containers for the elderly? , 1979, JAMA.

[12]  U. S. L. Nayak,et al.  Can Older Adults use Child Resistant Bottle Closures , 2003 .

[13]  A. J. Forbes,et al.  Difficulties in the use of medicine packaging , 1992 .

[14]  J. Arena Safety closure caps; safety measure for prevention of accidental drug poisoning in children. , 1959, Journal of the American Medical Association.

[15]  W W Walton,et al.  An evaluation of the Poison Prevention Packaging Act. , 1982, Pediatrics.

[16]  S Holm,et al.  Principles of Biomedical Ethics, 5th edn. , 2002 .

[17]  S. Athar Principles of Biomedical Ethics , 2011, The Journal of IMA.

[18]  L. Bergner,et al.  Child-resistant medicine containers: experience in the home. , 1971, American journal of public health.

[19]  F. T. Sherman,et al.  Tamper‐resistant Packaging , 1985, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[20]  V. Wright,et al.  Administration of antirheumatic drugs. , 1976, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[21]  M. Rice,et al.  The relationship between hand strength and the forces used to access containers by well elderly persons. , 2002, The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association.