Cerebral Infarction Caused by Trousseau’s Syndrome Associated With Lung Cancer

Background Lung cancer is one of the common cancers that can cause Trousseau’s syndrome. However, there are few reports of cerebral infarction due to Trousseau’s syndrome associated with lung cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical features of lung cancer-related cerebral infarction and effective management practice. Methods Japanese patients diagnosed with Trousseau’s syndrome-related cerebral infarction associated with lung cancer between August 2012 and November 2021 in our hospital were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical data, treatment, and outcomes of the patients were collected. Results Ten patients were enrolled. The median age was 65 years (range: 43 - 84 years). All patients had advanced lung cancer. The histological types were adenocarcinoma (n = 8), pleomorphic carcinoma (n = 1), and small cell lung cancer (n = 1). Recurrent cerebral infarction occurred in six patients. Among four patients who had continued heparin since the initial infarction, recurrence occurred in one. D-dimer was high in all 10 patients at the initial cerebral infarction. D-dimer level at the time of recurrent cerebral infarctions was higher than that at the first cerebral infarctions. Since performance status declined in nine patients, one patient continued anticancer drugs after cerebral infarction. Four patients died within 100 days of the onset of cerebral infarction. Conclusions Cerebral infarction of lung cancer-related Trousseau’s syndrome has poor prognosis. Heparin may be effective in controlling the condition. In addition, D-dimer may serve as a marker of cancer-related thrombosis.