Fermentation of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol in continuous cultures of Citrobacter freundii

The conversion of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol by Citrobacter freundii DSM 30040 was optimized in single- and two-stage continuous cultures. The productivity of 1,3-propanediol formation was highest under glycerol limitation and increased with the dilution rate (D) to a maximum of 3.7 g·l−1·h−1. Glycerol dehydratase seemed to be the rate-limiting step in 1,3-propanediol formation. Conditions for the two-stage fermentation process were as follows: first stage, glycerol limitation (250mM), pH 7.2, D=0.1 h−, 31° C; second stage, additional glycerol, pH 6.6, D=0.05 h−1, 28° C. Under these conditions 875mM glycerol were consumed, the final 1,3-propanediol concentration was 545mM, and the overall productivity 1.38 g·1−1·h−1.

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