Maybe I will, maybe I won't: what the connected perspectives of motivation theory and organisational commitment may contribute to our understanding of strategy implementation

This paper reviews the management problem of marketing strategy implementation and proposes some new perspectives on the subject. It begins by criticising Noble's much cited definition of the problem and improves upon it by incorporating Mintzberg's views of the strategy process. It then identifies commitment as an important consideration that emerges from the strategic management literature and notes that this area has been little explored. The bulk of the paper attempts to fill this gap by incorporating concepts from the domain of organisational psychology, particularly Locke's goal-setting theory, Vroom's expectancy theory and Meyer's explanations of organisational commitment. In doing so, it finds that these mature and well-developed areas of work offer useful perspectives on strategy implementation. The paper concludes by suggesting five postulates developed from these theories and five accompanying hypotheses for future empirical work.

[1]  V. Vroom Work and motivation , 1964 .

[2]  J. S. Adams,et al.  Inequity In Social Exchange , 1965 .

[3]  E. A. Locke,et al.  Cognitive aspects of psychomotor performance The effects o performance goals on level of performance. , 1966, The Journal of applied psychology.

[4]  Edward E. Lawler,et al.  What Job attitudes tell about motivation , 1968 .

[5]  J. Gavin,et al.  Self-esteem as moderator of the relationship between expectancies and job performance. , 1973 .

[6]  E. Lawler,et al.  Expectancy theory and job behavior , 1973 .

[7]  Robert J. Wherry,et al.  A Factor Analytic Test of the Porter Lawler Expectancy Model of Work Motivation. , 1974 .

[8]  P. Drucker Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices , 1974 .

[9]  Richard E. Kopelman,et al.  Boundary Conditions for Expectancy Theory Predictions of Work Motivation and Job Performance , 1976 .

[10]  H. E. King The Achievement Motive , 1977 .

[11]  L. J. Becker Joint effect of feedback and goal setting on performance: a field study of residential energy conservation , 1978 .

[12]  Cynthia M. Pavett,et al.  The prediction of effort and performance among hospital professionals: Moderating effects of feedback on expectancy theory formulations , 1979 .

[13]  Fred Luthans,et al.  Organizational behavior modification , 1982 .

[14]  J. Whitney,et al.  Effects of Group Cohesiveness on Attitude Polarization and the Acquisition of Knowledge in a Strategic Planning Context , 1983 .

[15]  G. Day,et al.  Marketing Theory with a Strategic Orientation , 1983 .

[16]  Richard L. Daft,et al.  The Nature and Use of Formal Control Systems for Management Control and Strategy Implementation , 1984 .

[17]  David R. Brodwin,et al.  Strategic implementation: Five approaches to an elusive phenomenon , 1984 .

[18]  On deadline...managing special news media events. , 1984, Management review.

[19]  I. MacMillan,et al.  Strategy implementation versus middle management self-interest , 1986 .

[20]  David Miller Strategy Making and Structure: Analysis and Implications for Performance , 1987 .

[21]  E. A. Locke,et al.  Task complexity as a moderator of goal effects: A meta-analysis. , 1987 .

[22]  H. Mühlbacher,et al.  Successful implementation of new market strategies—A corporate culture perspective , 1987 .

[23]  Bernard J. Jaworski,et al.  Marketing Jobs and Management Controls: Toward a Framework , 1989 .

[24]  S. Floyd,et al.  RESEARCH NOTES AND COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGIC PROCESS EFFECTS ON CONSENSUS , 1989 .

[25]  Donald C. Hambrick,et al.  Strategy Implementation as Substance and Selling , 1989 .

[26]  Chris Argyris,et al.  Strategy implementation: An experience in learning , 1989 .

[27]  Andrew Campbell,et al.  Brief case: Strategy and intuition—A conversation with Henry Mintzberg☆ , 1991 .

[28]  John P. Meyer,et al.  A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment , 1991 .

[30]  S. Floyd,et al.  Managing strategic consensus: the foundation of effective implementation , 1992 .

[31]  Barbara Austin,et al.  The Rise and Fall of Strategic Planning , 1994 .

[32]  L. Harris The anti-planner's tactics to thwart planning initiation , 1996 .

[33]  R. Kaplan,et al.  Using the balanced scorecard as a strategic management system , 1996 .

[34]  Malcolm McDonald,et al.  Strategic marketing planning: Theory, practice and research agendas , 1996 .

[35]  Henry Mintzberg Musings on management. Ten ideas designed to rile everyone who cares about management. , 1996, Harvard business review.

[36]  L. Harris Initiating Planning: The Problem of EntrenchedCultural Values , 1999 .

[37]  Charles H. Noble,et al.  The Eclectic Roots of Strategy Implementation Research , 1999 .

[38]  Jean-Charles Chebat Special Issue on Strategy Implementation and Assessment Research: Research on Implementation Deserves as Much Attention as Strategy Formulation , 1999 .

[39]  Bradley J. Alge,et al.  Goal commitment and the goal-setting process: conceptual clarification and empirical synthesis. , 1999, The Journal of applied psychology.

[40]  Charles H. Noble,et al.  Implementing Marketing Strategies: Developing and Testing a Managerial Theory , 1999 .

[41]  E. Jones,et al.  Managing Salesperson Motivation in a Territory Realignment , 2000 .

[42]  John P. Meyer,et al.  Commitment in the workplace: toward a general model , 2001 .

[43]  John P. Meyer,et al.  Commitment to organizational change: extension of a three-component model. , 2002, The Journal of applied psychology.

[44]  John P. Meyer,et al.  AFFECTIVE, CONTINUANCE, AND NORMATIVE COMMITMENT TO THE ORGANIZATION: A META-ANALYSIS OF ANTECEDENTS, CORRELATES, AND CONSEQUENCES , 2002 .

[45]  E. A. Locke,et al.  Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation. A 35-year odyssey. , 2002, The American psychologist.

[46]  Brooke Dobni,et al.  Creating a strategy implementation environment , 2003 .

[47]  David C. Wilson,et al.  Planned or Prioritized? Two Options in Managing the Implementation of Strategic Decisions , 2003 .

[48]  L. Melin,et al.  Micro Strategy and Strategizing: Towards an Activity‐Based View , 2003 .

[49]  B. Smith The effectiveness of marketing strategy making processes in medical markets , 2003 .

[50]  Brian Smith The effectiveness of marketing strategy making processes: A critical literature review and a research agenda , 2003 .

[51]  John B. Miner,et al.  The Rated Importance, Scientific Validity, and Practical Usefulness of Organizational Behavior Theories: A Quantitative Review , 2003 .

[52]  Guido Hertel,et al.  Managing distance by interdependence: Goal setting, task interdependence, and team-based rewards in virtual teams , 2004 .

[53]  Thomas E. Becker,et al.  Employee commitment and motivation: a conceptual analysis and integrative model. , 2004, The Journal of applied psychology.

[54]  Bambi M. Douma,et al.  Goal Setting as a Motivator of Unethical Behavior , 2004 .

[55]  Maurice E. Schweitzer,et al.  Goal Setting as a Motivator of Unethical Behavior , 2004 .

[56]  Robert E. Morgan,et al.  The effect of market and learning orientation on strategy dynamics: The contributing effect of organisational change capability , 2005 .

[57]  Jennifer S. Tucker,et al.  Performance differences among four organizational commitment profiles. , 2005, The Journal of applied psychology.

[58]  P. Williams Practice management. , 2005, The Alpha omegan.

[59]  L. G. Hrebiniak Obstacles to Effective Strategy Implementation , 2006 .

[60]  John P. Meyer,et al.  Employee commitment and support for an organizational change: Test of the three-component model in two cultures , 2007 .

[61]  R. Morgan,et al.  In pursuit of the “ideal approach” to successful marketing strategy implementation , 2007 .

[62]  M. Jenkins,et al.  Advanced Strategic Management: Strategy as Multiple Perspectives , 2007 .

[63]  Véronique Ambrosini,et al.  Advanced strategic management : a multi-perspective approach , 2007 .

[64]  Julia Balogun,et al.  Strategy as practice perspective , 2007 .

[65]  Jeffrey K. Pinto,et al.  Importance of Goal Setting in Virtual Project Teams , 2007, Psychological reports.

[66]  Jane Parish,et al.  Want to, need to, ought to: employee commitment to organizational change , 2008 .

[67]  Martha Lagace,et al.  The Execution Premium : Linking Strategy to Operations for Competitive Advantage , 2008 .

[68]  R. Kaplan,et al.  The Execution Premium: Linking Strategy to Operations for Competitive Advantage , 2008 .

[69]  James T. Walz Successful Strategy Execution: How to Keep Your Business Goals on Target , 2009 .