The effects of probiotic and conventional yoghurt on lipid profile in women

Many studies have been done on the hypocholesterolaemic effect of probiotic yoghurt. The results, however, are not conclusive. The aim of the present study was to test the effect of probiotic and conventional yoghurt on the lipid profile in women. In a randomised trial, ninety female volunteers aged 19–49 years were assigned to three groups. Subjects consumed daily 300 g probiotic yoghurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 or 300 g conventional yoghurt or no yoghurt for 6 weeks. Fasting blood samples, 3 d dietary records and anthropometric measurements were collected at baseline (T1), end of week 3 (T2) and end of week 6 (T3). Lipid profile parameters were determined by enzymic methods. Results showed no significant difference in lipid profile within any group throughout the study. Comparing mean differences (T1 − T3) among the three groups showed: no difference in TAG and LDL-cholesterol, a decrease in cholesterol in both conventional (P < 0·05) and probiotic yoghurt groups (P < 0·005) compared with the control group, a decrease in total:HDL-cholesterol ratio for conventional (P < 0·05) and probiotic yoghurt groups (P < 0·001) compared with the control group, and an increase in HDL-cholesterol in the probiotic yoghurt group (P < 0·05) compared with the control group. Positive changes in lipid profile were observed in both yoghurt groups. Any added effect, therefore, is due to the consumption of fermented milk products.

[1]  S. Ibayashi,et al.  LDL Cholesterol and the Development of Stroke Subtypes and Coronary Heart Disease in a General Japanese Population: The Hisayama Study , 2009, Stroke.

[2]  HisatomiArima,et al.  LDL Cholesterol and the Development of Stroke Subtypes and Coronary Heart Disease in a General Japanese Population , 2009 .

[3]  J. Neaton,et al.  The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT)--importance then and now. , 2008, JAMA.

[4]  B. Goldin,et al.  Clinical indications for probiotics: an overview. , 2008, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[5]  W. Thomas,et al.  Probiotic capsules do not lower plasma lipids in young women and men , 2008, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[6]  E. Fabian,et al.  The effect of daily consumption of probiotic and conventional yoghurt on oxidant and anti-oxidant parameters in plasma of young healthy women. , 2007, International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition.

[7]  S. Lewis,et al.  A double-blind placebo-controlled study of the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus on plasma lipids , 2005, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[8]  H. Shi,et al.  Bacterial colonization and the development of intestinal defences. , 2004, Canadian journal of gastroenterology = Journal canadien de gastroenterologie.

[9]  K. Oshida,et al.  Effects of milk products fermented by Bifidobacterium longum on blood lipids in rats and healthy adult male volunteers. , 2003, Journal of dairy science.

[10]  J. Drisko,et al.  Probiotics in health maintenance and disease prevention. , 2003, Alternative medicine review : a journal of clinical therapeutic.

[11]  R. Mensink,et al.  Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials. , 2003, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[12]  G. Jahreis,et al.  Long-term consumption of fermented dairy products over 6 months increases HDL cholesterol , 2002, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[13]  N. Doncheva,et al.  Experimental and clinical study on the hypolipidemic and antisclerotic effect of Lactobacillus Bulgaricus strain GB N 1 (48) , 2002 .

[14]  G. Gibson,et al.  Effects of Consumption of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Serum Lipid Levels in Humans , 2002, Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology.

[15]  B. Vessby,et al.  Dietary fat intake in healthy adolescents: inverse relationships between the estimated intake of saturated fatty acids and serum cholesterol , 2001, British Journal of Nutrition.

[16]  Meei-Yn Lin,et al.  Antioxidative Effect of Intestinal Bacteria Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15708 and Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 , 2000, Digestive Diseases and Sciences.

[17]  W. Verstraete,et al.  Bile salt deconjugation by Lactobacillus plantarum 80 and its implication for bacterial toxicity , 1999, Journal of applied microbiology.

[18]  H. Vesper,et al.  Sphingolipids in food and the emerging importance of sphingolipids to nutrition. , 1999, The Journal of nutrition.

[19]  J. Anderson,et al.  Effect of fermented milk (yogurt) containing Lactobacillus acidophilus L1 on serum cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic humans. , 1999, Journal of the American College of Nutrition.

[20]  S. B. Pedersen,et al.  Long-term (6 months) effect of a new fermented milk product on the level of plasma lipoproteins--a placebo-controlled and double blind study. , 1996, European journal of clinical nutrition.

[21]  K. Tahri,et al.  Bifidobacteria Strain Behavior Toward Cholesterol: Coprecipitation with Bile Salts and Assimilation , 1996, Current Microbiology.

[22]  R. Mensink,et al.  Comparison of the effects of diets enriched in lauric, palmitic, or oleic acids on serum lipids and lipoproteins in healthy women and men. , 1996, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[23]  B. Richelsen,et al.  Hypocholesterolaemic effect of a new fermented milk product in healthy middle-aged men. , 1995, European journal of clinical nutrition.

[24]  Meer,et al.  The assumed assimilation of cholesterol by Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium bifidum is due to their bile salt-deconjugating activity , 1993, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[25]  M. Sugano,et al.  Effects of dietary sphingolipids on levels of serum and liver lipids in rats , 1992 .

[26]  D. Walker,et al.  Factors to consider when selecting a culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus as a dietary adjunct to produce a hypocholesterolemic effect in humans. , 1990, Journal of dairy science.

[27]  W. Sandine,et al.  Lactobacillus effects on cholesterol: in vitro and in vivo results. , 1989, Journal of dairy science.

[28]  S. Gilliland,et al.  Assimilation of cholesterol by Lactobacillus acidophilus , 1985, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[29]  V. Harrison,et al.  Serum cholesterol and bowel flora in the newborn. , 1975, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[30]  G. Mann,et al.  Studies of a surfactant and cholesteremia in the Maasai. , 1974, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[31]  M. Ferencik,et al.  One-year application of probiotic strain Enterococcus faecium M-74 decreases serum cholesterol levels. , 2005, Bratislavske lekarske listy.

[32]  Geun-Bae Kim,et al.  Deconjugation of bile salts by Lactobacillus acidophilus isolates , 2003 .

[33]  L. Berglund,et al.  Pentadecanoic acid in serum as a marker for intake of milk fat: relations between intake of milk fat and metabolic risk factors. , 1999, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[34]  G. Schaafsma,et al.  Effects of a milk product, fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus and with fructo-oligosaccharides added, on blood lipids in male volunteers , 1998, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[35]  Shiro Watanabe,et al.  A LONG-TERM FEEDING OF SPHINGOLIPIDS AFFECTED THE LEVELS OF PLASMA CHOLESTEROL AND HEPATIC TRIACYLGLYCEROL BUT NOT TISSUE PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND SPHINGOLIPIDS , 1997 .

[36]  L. Kuller,et al.  The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial , 1985 .

[37]  S. S. St. Jeor,et al.  Hypocholesterolemic effect of yogurt and milk. , 1979, The American journal of clinical nutrition.