Increase of yield stability by staggering the sowing dates of different varieties of rainfed maize in Zimbabwe

[1]  T. Arkebauer,et al.  Hybrid-maize—a maize simulation model that combines two crop modeling approaches , 2004 .

[2]  Senthold Asseng,et al.  An overview of APSIM, a model designed for farming systems simulation , 2003 .

[3]  J. G. Thomson,et al.  A guide to the soils of Rhodesia. , 1978 .

[4]  G. Russell,et al.  Plant Canopies: Their Growth, Form and Function: Absorption of radiation by canopies and stand growth , 1989 .

[5]  C. Stigter,et al.  A comparison of methods to determine the onset of the growing season in northern Nigeria , 2002 .

[6]  Andrew N. Sharpley,et al.  EPIC, Erosion/Productivity Impact Calculator , 1990 .

[7]  T. McMahon,et al.  Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification , 2007 .

[8]  R. Çakır.  Effect of water stress at different development stages on vegetative and reproductive growth of corn , 2004 .

[9]  J. Aitchison,et al.  The Lognormal Distribution. , 1958 .

[10]  C. Field,et al.  Crop yield gaps: their importance, magnitudes, and causes. , 2009 .

[11]  D. Raes,et al.  AquaCrop—The FAO Crop Model to Simulate Yield Response to Water: III. Parameterization and Testing for Maize , 2009 .

[12]  Mark W. Rosegrant,et al.  World water productivity: current situation and future options , 2003 .

[13]  W. Wilhelm,et al.  Growing degree-days: one equation, two interpretations , 1997 .

[14]  Anthony Patt,et al.  Effective seasonal climate forecast applications: examining constraints for subsistence farmers in Zimbabwe , 2002 .

[15]  M. Sivakumar.  Agroclimatic aspects of rainfed agriculture in the Sudano-Sahelian zone , 1989 .

[16]  James W. Jones,et al.  The DSSAT cropping system model , 2003 .

[17]  W. Meyer,et al.  MOISTURE MEASUREMENT IN A SWELLING CLAY SOIL USING NEUTRON MOISTURE METERS , 1984 .

[18]  D. Raes,et al.  AquaCrop — The FAO Crop Model to Simulate Yield Response to Water: II. Main Algorithms and Software Description , 2009 .

[19]  Ariaster B. Chimeli,et al.  Implications of farm-level response to seasonal climate forecasts for aggregate grain production in Zimbabwe , 2002 .

[20]  D. Raes,et al.  Modeling the potential for closing quinoa yield gaps under varying water availability in the Bolivian Altiplano , 2009 .

[21]  J. Rockström,et al.  Semiarid Crop Production from a Hydrological Perspective: Gap between Potential and Actual Yields , 2000 .

[22]  K. Loague,et al.  Statistical and graphical methods for evaluating solute transport models: Overview and application , 1991 .

[23]  J. R. Kiniry,et al.  CERES-Maize: a simulation model of maize growth and development , 1986 .

[24]  D. Raes,et al.  Analysis of rainfall onset, cessation and length of growing season for western Kenya , 2008 .

[25]  Carl K. Eicher,et al.  Zimbabwe's agricultural revolution , 1994 .

[26]  A. Magalhães.  Climate change and world food securitY , 1997 .

[27]  Marcello Mastrorilli,et al.  WATER-USE EFFICIENCY OF SWEET SORGHUM UNDER WATER STRESS CONDITIONS : GAS-EXCHANGE INVESTIGATIONS AT LEAF AND CANOPY SCALES , 1997 .

[28]  J. Passioura.  Simulation Models: Science, Snake Oil, Education, or Engineering? , 1996 .

[29]  M. Dennett,et al.  Analysing Daily Rainfall Measurements to Give Agronomically Useful Results. I. Direct Methods , 1982, Experimental Agriculture.

[30]  D. Raes,et al.  Agro-climatic suitability mapping for crop production in the Bolivian Altiplano: A case study for quinoa , 2006 .

[31]  M. Tawanda,et al.  Case study: southern Africa. Population dynamics and the emerging competition for water use in the Zambezi River Basin. , 1998 .

[32]  Joel B. Smith,et al.  Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change , 1996 .

[33]  E. Gumbel,et al.  Statistics of extremes , 1960 .

[34]  K. Tesfaye,et al.  Radiation interception and radiation use efficiency of three grain legumes under water deficit conditions in a semi-arid environment , 2006 .

[35]  R. Rabbinge,et al.  Explanatory models in crop physiology , 1979 .

[36]  L. Martyniak.  Response of spring cereals to a deficit of atmospheric precipitation in the particular stages of plant growth and development , 2008 .

[37]  D. Lobell,et al.  Climate and Management Contributions to Recent Trends in U.S. Agricultural Yields , 2003, Science.

[38]  L. S. Pereira,et al.  Crop evapotranspiration : guidelines for computing crop water requirements , 1998 .

[39]  C. T. de Wit,et al.  Transpiration and crop yields. , 1958 .

[40]  P. Holgate.  Lognormal Distributions: Theory and Applications , 1989 .

[41]  Jersey Chen,et al.  Statistical Distributions, Second Edition , 1998, The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine.

[42]  G. Hoogenboom.  Contribution of agrometeorology to the simulation of crop production and its applications , 2000 .

[43]  Leo R Beard,et al.  Statistical Methods in Hydrology , 1962 .

[44]  Donald N. Duvick,et al.  Feeding the Ten Billion: Plants and Population Growth , 1999 .

[45]  K. Nyamapfene.  The soils of Zimbabwe , 1991 .

[46]  David Seckler,et al.  The concept of efficiency in water resources management and policy , 2003 .

[47]  R. Burt,et al.  Properties and effects of management on selected granitic soils in Zimbabwe , 2001 .

[48]  Francis N. Gichuki,et al.  Dry spell analysis and maize yields for two semi-arid locations in East Africa , 2003 .

[49]  H. C. Hanson,et al.  An Agricultural Survey of Southern Rhodesia. Part I. Agro-Ecological Survey , 1962 .

[50]  N. Bello.  An investigation of the characteristics of the onset and cessation of the rains in Nigeria , 1996 .

[51]  More food, less water , 2008 .

[52]  S. Wȩglarczyk,et al.  The interdependence and applicability of some statistical quality measures for hydrological models , 1998 .

[53]  M. Huang,et al.  Irrigation treatments for corn with limited water supply in the loess plateau, China , 2002 .

[54]  H. G. Smith,et al.  The use of radiation interception and transpiration to predict the yield of healthy, droughted and virus-infected sugar beet , 2001, The Journal of Agricultural Science.

[55]  E. Fereres,et al.  On the conservative behavior of biomass water productivity , 2007, Irrigation Science.

[56]  Dirk Raes,et al.  Evaluation of first planting dates recommended by criteria currently used in Zimbabwe , 2004 .

[57]  Günther Fischer,et al.  Mapping Biophysical Factors that Influence Agricultural Production and Rural Vulnerability , 2007 .

[58]  J. Nash,et al.  River flow forecasting through conceptual models part I — A discussion of principles☆ , 1970 .

[59]  D. R. Nielsen,et al.  Crop Yield Response to Deficit Irrigation , 2012 .

[60]  E. Oladipo,et al.  Fluctuations in the onset, termination and length of the growing season in northern Nigeria , 1993 .

[61]  Jacob W. Kijne,et al.  Improving water productivity in agriculture: editors\u2019 overview , 2003 .

[62]  J. Goudriaan,et al.  ON APPROACHES AND APPLICATIONS OF THE WAGENINGEN CROP MODELS , 2003 .

[63]  J. Monteith.  The quest for balance in crop modeling , 1996 .

[64]  R. Martin,et al.  Seasonal maize forecasting for South Africa and Zimbabwe derived from an agroclimatological model , 2000 .

[65]  Carl K. Eicher.  Zimbabwe's maize-based Green Revolution: Preconditions for replication , 1995 .

[66]  H. C. S. Thom,et al.  a Note on the Gamma Distribution , 1958 .

[67]  P. Benoit.  The start of the growing season in Northern Nigeria , 1977 .

[68]  W. Rawls,et al.  Soil Water Characteristic Estimates by Texture and Organic Matter for Hydrologic Solutions , 2006 .

[69]  D. Raes,et al.  Simulation of yield decline as a result of water stress with a robust soil water balance model , 2006 .

[70]  Pasquale Steduto,et al.  Resource use efficiency of field-grown sunflower, sorghum, wheat and chickpea: II. Water use efficiency and comparison with radiation use efficiency , 2005 .

[71]  L. Magodo.  Determination of water productivity of maize varieties grown in Zimbabwe , 2012 .

[72]  Cynthia Rosenzweig,et al.  ENSO, seasonal rainfall patterns and simulated maize yield variability in Zimbabwe , 1998 .

[73]  Averill M. Law,et al.  Simulation Modeling and Analysis , 1982 .

[74]  J. Barron.  Dry spell mitigation to upgrade semi-arid rainfed agriculture : Water harvesting and soil nutrient management for smallholder maize cultivation in Machakos, Kenya , 2004 .

[75]  J. Rockström,et al.  Water productivity in rain-fed agriculture: challenges and opportunities for smallholder farmers in drought-prone tropical agroecosystems , 2003 .

[76]  C. Stöckle,et al.  CropSyst, a cropping systems simulation model , 2003 .

[77]  M Smith,et al.  [CROPWAT: a computer program for irrigation planning and management]. [Spanish] , 1992 .

[78]  D. W. Stewart,et al.  Guidelines for Comparisons among Different Maize Maturity Rating Systems , 1999 .

[79]  J. M. Faci,et al.  Comparative response of maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) to deficit irrigation in a Mediterranean environment , 2006 .

[80]  M. Sivakumar,et al.  PREDICTING RAINY SEASON POTENTIAL FROM THE ONSET OF RAINS IN SOUTHERN SAHELIAN AND SUDANIAN CLIMATIC ZONES OF WEST AFRICA , 1988 .

[81]  Akpofure E. Taigbenu,et al.  Rainwater harvesting to enhance water productivity of rainfed agriculture in the semi-arid Zimbabwe , 2007 .

[82]  Michael Edward Hohn,et al.  An Introduction to Applied Geostatistics: by Edward H. Isaaks and R. Mohan Srivastava, 1989, Oxford University Press, New York, 561 p., ISBN 0-19-505012-6, ISBN 0-19-505013-4 (paperback), $55.00 cloth, $35.00 paper (US) , 1991 .

[83]  K. Descheemaeker.  Pedological and Hydrological Effects of Vegetation Restoration in Exclosures Established on Degraded Hillslopes in the Highlands of Northern Ethiopia , 2006 .

[84]  D. Raes,et al.  Simulating Yield Response of Quinoa to Water Availability with AquaCrop , 2009 .

[85]  D. A. Mooley,et al.  Gamma Distribution Probability Model for Asian Summer Monsoon Monthly Rainfall , 1973 .

[86]  D. Raes,et al.  Crop water use indicators to quantify the flexible phenology of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in response to drought stress , 2008 .

[87]  Jennie Barron,et al.  Water productivity in rainfed systems: overview of challenges and analysis of opportunities in water scarcity prone savannahs , 2007, Irrigation Science.

[88]  James W. Jones,et al.  POTENTIAL USES AND LIMITATIONS OF CROP MODELS , 1996 .

[89]  A. Makarau.  Intra-seasonal oscillatory modes of the southern Africa summer circulation , 1995 .

[90]  Ramaswamy Sakthivadivel,et al.  A water-productivity framework for understanding and action , 2003 .