Recovery of pure ZnO nanoparticles from spent Zn-MnO₂ alkaline batteries.

The recovery of pure ZnO (zinc oxide) nanoparticles from spent Zn-Mn dry alkaline batteries is reported. Spent batteries were dismantled to separate the contained valuable metals of the cell electrodes in the form of black powder. Treatment of this black powder with 5 mol L(-1) HCl produced leach liquor, primarily containing 2.90 g L(-1) Zn and 2.02 g L(-1) Mn. Selective and quantitative liquid-liquid extraction of Zn(II) was then carried out in three counter current steps by using Cyanex 923 (0.10 mol L(-1) in n-hexane). Zn(II) distributed in the organic phase as complex ZnCl(2)·2R (R = Cyanex 923 molecule). The metal loaded organic phase was subjected to combust at 600 °C to yield pure ZnO nanoparticles (40-50 nm). Important characteristics of the synthesized nanoparticles were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM).

[1]  Yi-feng Chen,et al.  Study on the preparation of Mn-Zn soft magnetic ferrite powders from waste Zn-Mn dry batteries. , 2008, Waste management.

[2]  Zhenming Xu,et al.  Characterization and recycling of cadmium from waste nickel-cadmium batteries. , 2010, Waste management.

[3]  Marcelo Borges Mansur,et al.  Analysis of a hydrometallurgical route to recover base metals from spent rechargeable batteries by liquid–liquid extraction with Cyanex 272 , 2006 .

[4]  T. Zhou,et al.  Hydrothermal synthesis of Mn–Zn ferrites from spent alkaline Zn–Mn batteries , 2009 .

[5]  M. Freitas,et al.  Recycling manganese from spent Zn-MnO2 primary batteries , 2007 .

[6]  G. Civelekoglu,et al.  Acidic leaching and precipitation of zinc and manganese from spent battery powders using various reductants. , 2010, Journal of hazardous materials.

[7]  Marcelo Borges Mansur,et al.  Hydrometallurgical separation of rare earth elements, cobalt and nickel from spent nickel–metal–hydride batteries , 2010 .

[8]  A. L. Salgado,et al.  Recovery of zinc and manganese from spent alkaline batteries by liquid–liquid extraction with Cyanex 272 , 2003 .

[9]  Zhiwen Zeng,et al.  Process for the recovery of cobalt oxalate from spent lithium-ion batteries , 2011 .

[10]  G. Senanayake,et al.  Comparative leaching of spent zinc-manganese-carbon batteries using sulfur dioxide in ammoniacal and sulfuric acid solutions , 2010 .

[11]  Fuchun Wang,et al.  Synergistic extraction and separation of valuable metals from waste cathodic material of lithium ion batteries using Cyanex272 and PC-88A , 2011 .

[12]  Francesco Vegliò,et al.  Recovery of zinc and manganese from alkaline and zinc-carbon spent batteries , 2007 .

[13]  Ida De Michelis,et al.  Process for the recycling of alkaline and zinc–carbon spent batteries , 2008 .

[14]  Jin-Gu Kang,et al.  Recovery of cobalt sulfate from spent lithium ion batteries by reductive leaching and solvent extraction with Cyanex 272 , 2010 .

[15]  H. Aly,et al.  Leaching and separation of zinc from the black paste of spent MnO2-Zn dry cell batteries. , 2007, Journal of hazardous materials.

[16]  Wensheng Zhang,et al.  Recovery of metals from spent lithium-ion battery leach solutions with a mixed solvent extractant system , 2010 .

[17]  A. Deep,et al.  EXTRACTION AND SEPARATION OF SOME 3d TRANSITION METAL IONS USING CYANEX 923 , 2002 .

[18]  Zhenming Xu,et al.  Enhancement of the recycling of waste Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries by mechanical treatment. , 2011, Waste management.

[19]  Ata Akcil,et al.  A review of technologies for the recovery of metals from spent alkaline and zinc-carbon batteries , 2009 .