Social Influence on Economic Behavior

Social psychologists stress the fact that human beings are social beings who are dependent on fellow humans for their survival and comfort. Undoubtedly, many behavioral acts and behavior in general are heavily influenced by other people. Psychology can even be seen as only a subdivision within social psychology and it can be held that psychology takes the individuals out of their natural social habitats and studies them in artifactual isolation. The social psychologist Tarde (1902) complained that economics was not based on social interaction but on the individual pursuit of self-interest, and that it disregarded the importance of the social environment for the individual. It is still true that consumer choices of products and brands as well as saving decisions are treated in economic theory as if a single individual were making the decisions.

[1]  J. Keynes.  The General Theory of Employment , 1937 .

[2]  R. Harré,et al.  The explanation of social behaviour , 1973 .

[3]  K. Wärneryd,et al.  Taxes and economic behavior: Some interview data on tax evasion in Sweden , 1982 .

[4]  E. Rogers.  New Product Adoption and Diffusion , 1976 .

[5]  J. Rotter.  Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. , 1966, Psychological monographs.

[6]  J. Duesenberry,et al.  Income, Saving, and the Theory of Consumer Behavior , 1950 .

[7]  A. Furnham,et al.  The Economic Mind: The Social Psychology of Economic Behavior , 1986 .

[8]  G. Jasso,et al.  Distributive Justice and Earned Income , 1977 .

[9]  W. Starbuck,et al.  Level of aspiration. , 1963, Psychological review.

[10]  J. Aldous.  Family Interaction Patterns , 1977 .

[11]  Isabella C. M. Cunningham,et al.  Societal Development and Family Purchasing Roles: A Cross-National Study , 1983 .

[12]  L. Berkowitz,et al.  External validity is more than skin deep: Some answers to criticisms of laboratory experiments. , 1982 .

[13]  B. Weiner,et al.  Perceiving the Causes of Success and Failure , 1989 .

[14]  R. Harris.  Equity judgments in hypothetical, four-person partnerships , 1980 .

[15]  E. Wartella,et al.  How children learn to buy : the development of consumer information-processing skills , 1977 .

[16]  M. Debusschere,et al.  Compromising between equity and equality: The effects of situational ambiguity and computational complexity , 1984 .

[17]  T. Veblen.  The Theory of the Leisure Class , 1901 .

[18]  P. F. Secord,et al.  Implications for psychology of the new philosophy of science. , 1983 .

[19]  J. Greenberg,et al.  Equity and equality as clues to the relationship between exchange participants , 1983 .

[20]  H. Kelley,et al.  Communication And Persuasion , 1953 .

[21]  A. Bombi,et al.  The child's conceptions about means of production and their owners , 1982 .

[22]  E. Rogers,et al.  Communication of Innovations; A Cross-Cultural Approach. , 1974 .

[23]  H. L. Davis,et al.  Decision Making within the Household , 1976 .

[24]  H. Simon,et al.  Models Of Man : Social And Rational , 1957 .

[25]  G. Becker.  A Treatise on the Family , 1982 .

[26]  Robert J. Waller,et al.  Social Traps , 1980, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.

[27]  M. Deutsch.  Equity, Equality, and Need: What Determines Which Value Will Be Used as the Basis of Distributive Justice? , 1975 .

[28]  William T. Liu,et al.  THE STRENGTH IN WEAK TIES , 1972 .

[29]  B. Overlaet,et al.  Attitude towards a redistribution of income , 1981 .

[30]  J. Keynes,et al.  The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. , 1936 .

[31]  S. Siegel,et al.  Level of aspiration and decision making. , 1957, Psychological review.

[32]  P. Albou.  La psychologie économique : questions fondamentales et problèmes d'actualité (colloque international, Paris, 25-28 août 1981) , 1982, Bulletin de psychologie.

[33]  Charles R. Wright,et al.  Mass Communication: A Sociological Perspective , 1975 .

[34]  N. Miller,et al.  Social Learning and Imitation , 1942 .

[35]  G. J. Direnzo.  Socialization, Personality, and Social Systems , 1977 .

[36]  H. Lefcourt,et al.  Research With the Locus of Control Construct , 1981 .

[37]  R. Cialdini.  Influence: Science and Practice , 1984 .

[38]  L. Furby.  Inequalities in Personal Possessions: Explanations for and Judgments about Unequal Distribution. , 1979 .

[39]  L. Becker,et al.  FISCAL INEQUITY AND TAX EVASION: AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH , 1980, National Tax Journal.

[40]  T. Abel,et al.  Mind, Self, and Society , 1934 .

[41]  Sidney C. Sufrin,et al.  The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. , 1966 .

[42]  S. Sieber.  TOWARD A THEORY OF ROLE ACCUMULATION , 1974 .

[43]  K. Crittenden,et al.  Sociological Aspects of Attribution , 1983 .

[44]  G. Jahoda.  The construction of economic reality by some Glaswegian children , 1979 .

[45]  Albert Pepitone,et al.  Lessons from the History of Social Psychology. , 1981 .

[46]  Gilbert A. Churchill,et al.  Consumer Socialization: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis , 1978 .

[47]  A. Bandura.  Social learning theory , 1977 .

[48]  E. E. Jones.  Attribution: Perceiving the Causes of Behavior , 1987 .

[49]  G. W. Walster,et al.  Equity and Social Justice , 1975 .

[50]  Scott L. Cummings,et al.  The Economic Socialization of Children: A Neo-Marxist Analysis. , 1978 .

[51]  S. Ng.  Children's ideas about the bank and shop profit: Developmental stages and the influence of cognitive contrasts and conflict , 1983 .

[52]  I. Janis.  Victims of Groupthink: A psychological study of foreign-policy decisions and fiascoes. By Irving L. Janis. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1972. viii + 276 pp. Map, illustrations, chart, notes, sources, bibliography, and index. Cloth, $7.95; paper $4.50.) , 1973 .

[53]  J. Cacioppo,et al.  Attitude and Attitude Change , 1981 .

[54]  G. Hardin,et al.  The Tragedy of the Commons , 1968, Green Planet Blues.

[55]  T. Burns,et al.  Relative Deprivation and Social Justice. A Study of Attitudes to Social Inequality in Twentieth-Century England , 1966 .

[56]  L. Festinger.  A Theory of Social Comparison Processes , 1954 .

[57]  John B. Rijsman,et al.  Factors in social comparison of performance influencing actual performance , 1974 .

[58]  J. March,et al.  A Behavioral Theory of the Firm , 1964 .

[59]  A. Roberts,et al.  Mass Communication Effects , 1981 .

[60]  D. Mook,et al.  In defense of external invalidity. , 1983 .

[61]  F. Heider.  The psychology of interpersonal relations , 1958 .

[62]  Robert B. Cialdini,et al.  Full-cycle social psychology. , 1980 .

[63]  H. Kelman.  PROCESSES OF OPINION CHANGE , 1961 .

[64]  B. Frey,et al.  Economic psychology : intersections in theory and application , 1987 .

[65]  S. Ward,et al.  Effects of Television Advertising on Consumer Socialization. , 1974 .

[66]  J. Harvey,et al.  Current issues in attribution theory and research. , 1984, Annual review of psychology.

[67]  M. Herskovits.  Man And His Works , 1948 .

[68]  George Katona,et al.  Essays on behavioral economics , 1980 .

[69]  Peter H. Rossi,et al.  Who Should Get What? Fairness Judgments of the Distribution of Earnings , 1978, American Journal of Sociology.

[70]  D. Hempel.  Family Buying Decisions: A Cross-Cultural Perspective , 1974 .

[71]  H. Kelley,et al.  Attribution theory and research. , 1980, Annual review of psychology.

[72]  Cyril E. Black,et al.  Becoming Modern: Individual Change in Six Developing Countries , 1976 .

[73]  G. Hofstede,et al.  Culture′s Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values , 1980 .

[74]  B. Weiner.  An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion. , 1985, Psychological review.

[75]  Michael L. Ray,et al.  Marketing communication and the hierarchy-of-effects , 1973 .

[76]  Leonard Bickman,et al.  Applied social psychology annual , 1980 .

[77]  H. Leibenstein.  Bandwagon, Snob, and Veblen Effects in the Theory of Consumers' Demand , 1950 .

[78]  T. Newcomb,et al.  Readings in Social Psychology , 1948, Teachers College Record.

[79]  R. Merton.  Social Theory and Social Structure , 1958 .

[80]  Richard W. Brislin,et al.  Cross-Cultural Research in Psychology , 1983 .

[81]  Mark S. Granovetter.  The Strength of Weak Ties , 1973, American Journal of Sociology.

[82]  Danial K. Stewart.  Advertising and Consumer Behavior , 1974 .

[83]  W. Phillips Davison,et al.  Mass communication research: major issues and future directions , 1974 .

[84]  J. Edney,et al.  The commons problem: Alternative perspectives. , 1980 .

[85]  C. Carver,et al.  Effects of person salience versus role salience on reward allocation in a dyad , 1979 .

[86]  Gerald Zaltman,et al.  Consumer behavior : basic findings and management implications , 1979 .

[87]  T. S. Robertson,et al.  Innovative behavior and communication , 1972 .

[88]  P. Lazarsfeld,et al.  6. Katz, E. Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communications , 1956 .

[89]  M. Defleur,et al.  Theories of mass communication , 1968 .

[90]  W. Bearden,et al.  Lessons Learned from the Broadcast Cigarette Advertising Ban , 1979 .

[91]  Bruno S. Frey,et al.  Self‐interest and collective action: The economics and psychology of public goods , 1982 .

[92]  John W. Payne,et al.  Translation of Gambles and Aspiration Level Effects in Risky Choice Behavior , 1980 .

[93]  B. Stacey.  Economic socialization in the pre‐adult years , 1982 .

[94]  A. Lewis.  The psychology of taxation , 1982 .

[95]  Sarah Fenstermaker Berk,et al.  SUPPLY-SIDE SOCIOLOGY OF THE FAMILY: The Challenge of the New Home Economics , 1983 .

[96]  S. Ng.  Children's ideas about the bank: A new zealand replication , 1985 .

[97]  David Leiser,et al.  Children's conceptions of economics -- The constitution of a cognitive domain , 1983 .

[98]  M. Olson,et al.  The Logic of Collective Action , 1965 .

[99]  M. K. D. Vries,et al.  Top Executive Locus of Control and Its Relationship to Strategy-Making, Structure, and Environment , 1982 .

[100]  E. Katz,et al.  On the use of the mass media for important things. , 1973 .

[101]  John Short,et al.  The social psychology of telecommunications , 1976 .

[102]  R. Winston,et al.  Animals and Men , 1965 .

[103]  Kjell Y. Törnblom,et al.  Distributive Justice: Typology and Propositions , 1977 .

[104]  H. Kelley.  The processes of causal attribution. , 1973 .

[105]  V. Folkes.  Consumer Reactions to Product Failure: An Attributional Approach , 1984 .

[106]  B. Latané.  The psychology of social impact. , 1981 .

[107]  D. Katz,et al.  Animals and Men: Studies in Comparative Psychology , 1938 .

[108]  K. Gergen.  Toward Transformation In Social Knowledge , 1982 .

[109]  E. Rogers,et al.  Communication in Organizations , 1976 .

[110]  H. Kelley.  Attribution theory in social psychology , 1967 .