Challenges in Musculoskeletal Modeling for Clinical Use

Much of the scientific discussion concerning musculoskeletal modeling has been focused on the basic approaches and their divisions into forward and inverse dynamics with the former capturing the complexity of activation dynamics and the latter enabling models of realistic complexity. Recently, experiments with hybrid models have been reported (see, for instance, [1]), and with the development of computational technology, it must be foreseen that reliable analysis methods will be available in the future. This leaves the scientific community with the challenge of providing models with the necessary reliability, versatility and documentation for clinical applications.